Tag: improvement in food resources

Manure is an organic substance produced by the decomposition of plant and animal wastes in the presence of microorganism and used as fertilizers. Thus, the fresh manure contains decomposing bacteria along with active digestive enzymes. These enzymes contribute to the faster heating of the manure which accelerates the decomposition of organic materials by the soil microorganisms. The end result of better decomposition of organic material is faster nutrient release to the plant. When urea is placed on the surface of the soil, a chemical reaction takes place that changes the urea to ammonium bicarbonate. Urea should be mixed in with the soil for maximum effectiveness. For plants that love acidic soils, urea is one of the top fertilizers for acidifying soils. Hence, seeds will grow most in pots B and C.

Crop rotation helps the farmers to maintain the fertility of the fields by growing alternate crops. A particular crop with one type of nutrient sown in one season restricts the cultivator to sow the other crop with another type of nutrient  in the next season, which is most beneficial for the field e.g., gram is nitrogen rich crop and rice is sugar rich crop, so, their alternate cropping can give different nutrients to the field and thus, reduces the use of chemical fertilizers.

The rice paddy field contains the Azolla weeds with the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria which can help in the conversion of the atmospheric nitrogen to nitrates. This nitrate can be used for the growth of the plants without the introduction of nitrogenous manures externally. These organisms help increase the yield of the rice plants. 

• Azotobacter, Azolla, Mycorrhiza, and Nostoc are manure yielding biofertilizers. Biofertilizers are organisms that enrich the nutrient quality of the soil. The main sources of biofertilizers are bacteria, fungi, and cyanobacteria.
• Azotobacter is bacteria that can fix atmospheric nitrogen while free-living in the soil, thus enriching the nitrogen content of the soil.
• Azolla is a water fern. It lives in a symbiotic relationship with a cyanobacteria Anabaena azollae which fixes nitrogen. It is used as an excellent fertilizer in the rice field.
• Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic relationship of fungi with roots of higher plants. The fungal symbiont absorbs phosphorus from soil and passes it to plants. Plants having such associations show resistance to root borne pathogens, tolerance to salinity and drought, and an overall increase in plant growth and development.
• Nostoc is a cyanobacterium. It can fix atmospheric nitrogen. It also adds organic matter to the soil and increases its fertility. 

Manure is an organic substance produced by the decomposition of plant and animal wastes in the presence of microorganism and used as fertilizers. Farmyard manure, compost and green manure are the most important and widely used bulky organic manures. Farmyard manure is the decomposed mixture of excreta of farm animals along with litter and leftover material from fodder fed to the cattle. Green manure and compost are the decomposed substance of crop. It is helpful in maintaining soil form, aeration and hydration. 

• Aerial application, or crop dusting, involves spraying crops with crop protection products from an agricultural aircraft. Agricultural aircraft are highly specialized and used for the application of agricultural materials.
•  It was used by John Chaytor in 1906 to spread seed over a swamped valley floor in Wairoa, New Zealand. Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
  

Manure is an organic substance produced by the decomposition of plant and animal wastes in the presence of microorganism and used as fertilizers. Thus, the fresh manure contains decomposing bacteria along with active digestive enzymes. These enzymes contribute to the faster heating of the manure which accelerates the decomposition of organic materials by the soil microorganisms. Manure generates heat as it decomposes, and it is possible for manure to ignite spontaneously if stored in a very large pile. 

• Fertilizer can cause burn in the plants when too much fertilizer is applied. It is a chemical compound that can dry out the leaves and damage or even cause the death of the plant. 
• Fertilizers vary in their tendency to burn roughly in accordance with their salt index. 

• Manure is an organic substance produced by the decomposition of plant and animal wastes in the presence of microorganisms and thus, produces an unpleasant odor. 
• To prevent such odor they are usually knifed (injected) directly into the soil. Manure from pig and cattle is usually spread on fields using a manure spreader.