Tag: respiration in plants

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Multiple choice biology respiration in plants fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

Which of the following enzymes is not required during fermentation process?

  1. Lactic acid dehydrogenase

  2. Pyruvate dehydrogenase

  3. Pyruvate decarboxylase

  4. Alcohol dehydrogenase
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Fermentation is an anaerobic process. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is part of the aerobic link reaction that converts pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA before entering the Krebs cycle, so it is not used in fermentation.

Multiple choice biology respiration in plants fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

Which of following is final $e^-$ acceptor in lactic acid fermentation :-

  1. Pyruvic acid

  2. Ethanol

  3. Acetaldehyde
  4. $O _2$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Under normal aerobic conditions, the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain is oxygen. However, fermentation occurs when there is no oxygen available. Therefore, something else must act as the final electron acceptor. In lactic acid fermentation, NADH is the electron carrier that ultimately carries them to pyruvate. Pyruvate is reduced to lactic acid, and thus, acted as the final electron acceptor.

So, the correct option is 'Pyruvic acid'.

Multiple choice biology respiration in plants fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

Incomplete breakdown of glucose in muscles results in the formation of 

  1. Alcohol and water

  2. Alcohol and lactic acid
  3. ${CO _2}$ and Water

  4. Lactic acid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The type of fuel used during physical activity also depends on the efficiency with which oxygen is delivered to muscle cells. The complete breakdown of glucose occurs when $O _2$ is present which is called as aerobic metabolism. When $O _2$ is unavailable, glucose breakdown is incomplete and it results in the formation of lactic acid. Accumulation of lactic acid leads to sore muscles. 
Incomplete breakdown of glucose does not result in the formation of alcohol, water or $CO _2$. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology respiration in plants fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

Fermentation is represented by which of the following equation? 

  1. $C _{6}H _{12}O _{6}\, \rightarrow\, 6CO _{2}\, + _\, 6H _{2}O\, +\, 673 K\, cal$
  2. $C _{6}H _{12}O _{6}\, \rightarrow\, 2C _{2}H _{5}OH\, +\, 2CO _{2}$
  3. $6CO _{2}\, +\, 12H _{2}O\, \rightarrow\, C _{6}H _{12}O _{6}\, +\, 6H _{2}O\, +\, 6O _{2}$
  4. $6CO _{2}\, +\, 6H _{2}O\, \xrightarrow[chlorophyll]{light}\, C _{6}H _{12}O _{6}\, +\, 6O _{2}$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In fermentation, say by yeast, the incomplete oxidation of glucose is achieved under anaerobic conditions by sets of reactions where pyruvic acid is converted to $CO _2$ and ethanol. The enzymes, pyruvic acid decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase catalyse these reactions. Other organisms like some bacteria produce lactic acid from pyruvic acid. In animal cells also, like muscles during exercise, when oxygen is inadequate for cellular respiration pyruvic acid is reduced to lactic acid by lactate dehydrogenase. In both lactic acid and alcohol fermentation not much energy is released; less than seven per cent of the energy in glucose is released and not all of it is trapped as high energy bonds of ATP. 

Multiple choice biology respiration in plants fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

In alcohol fermentation,

  1. Triose phosphate is the electron donor, while acetaldehyde is the electron acceptor.

  2. There is no electron donor.

  3. Oxygen is the electron acceptor.

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In alcohol fermentation, NADH (from glycolysis) acts as the electron donor to reduce acetaldehyde into ethanol, while acetaldehyde itself acts as the final electron acceptor.

Multiple choice biology respiration in plants fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

Glucose is oxidised to ethyl alcohol during the process of

  1. Respiration.

  2. Aerobic respiration.

  3. Anaerobic respiration.

  4. Photosynthesis.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The process of anaerobic respiration takes place in the absence of oxygen. In this type, glucose is oxidized to ethyl alcohol, and it releases carbon dioxide. For example, breathing in yeast is a type of anaerobic respiration.

So, option C is the correct answer.

Multiple choice biology respiration in plants fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

Which type of fermentation is accompanied by CO$ _2$ evolution?

  1. Alcoholic fermentation

  2. Lactic acid fermentation

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The breakdown of glucose to form ethanol and carbon dioxide is known as alcoholic fermentation. This takes place in the cytoplasm of cells. The substrate is glucose which undergoes glycolysis to form pyruvate. This pyruvate is then converted into acetaldehyde after the removal of one carbon and then ethanol is formed along with carbon dioxide.

So, the correct option is 'Alcoholic fermentation'

Multiple choice biology respiration in plants fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

A gas is not produced during

  1. Alcoholic fermentation

  2. Aerobic respiration

  3. Lactic acid fermentation

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Lactic acid fermentation does not involve decarboxylation and results in the production of lactic acid and NAD$^{+}$.
  • Alcoholic fermentation involves decarboxylation and produces CO$ _{2}$ along with ethanol.
  • Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and glucose to produce CO$ _{2}$ and water as shown below:
          C$ _{6}$H$ _{12}$O$ _{6}$ + 6O$ _{2}$ $\rightarrow$ 6CO$ _{2}$ + 6H$ _{2}$O + energy (heat and ATP)
Multiple choice biology respiration in plants fermentation cell respiration living organisms and energy production

In alcoholic fermentation, CO$ _2$ is evolved during

  1. Decarboxylation of pyruvic acid

  2. Formation of acetaldehyde

  3. Oxidation of acetaldehyde

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration in which the glucose is converted to release gases, acids and alcohols.

During the alcoholic fermentation of glucose, glycolysis takes place as a result of which pyruvic acid is formed. Pyruvic acid is a three-carbon molecule.
It is then converted into acetaldehyde by losing one carbon dioxide molecule as decarboxylation of pyruvic acid takes place and it forms to 2C acetaldehyde.
So, the correct option is 'Both A and B'