Tag: diseases and immunity

Explanation: Since The rabies virus is transmitted to others through the saliva of the infected animal, dont touch a dead animal; make sure your home is sealed to prevent wild animals from slipping into a basement, porch or attic; report any animals that are acting strangely to your local animal control department to prevent getting rabies.

Rabies is a viral disease that causes inflammation of the brain in humans and other mammals. Early symptoms can include fever and tingling at the site of exposure. These symptoms are followed by one or more of the following symptoms: violent movements, uncontrolled excitement, fear of water, an inability to move parts of the body, confusion, and loss of consciousness. Once symptoms appear, the result is nearly always death. The time period between contracting the disease and the start of symptoms is usually one to three months, but can vary from less than one week to more than one year. The time depends on the distance the virus must travel along peripheral nerves to reach the central nervous system.

When pre-formed antibodies extracted from an external animal or human source are injected into a body to provide immediate protection, it is classified as passive immunity. Since this protection is introduced by medical intervention rather than natural exposure, it is artificially acquired passive immunity.

Naturally acquired passive immunity is a type of antibody-mediated immunity conveyed to a fetus or infant by its mother. In humans, maternal antibodies are passed through the placenta to the fetus by an FcRn receptor on placental cells.

The immune system, which is made up of special cells, proteins, tissues, and organs, defends people against germs and microorganisms every day. In most cases, the immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing infections. But sometimes problems with the immune system can lead to illness and infection. The immune system is the body's defense against infectious organisms and other invaders. Through a series of steps called the immune response, the immune system attacks organisms and substances that invade body systems and cause disease.  antibodies can activate a group of proteins called complement that are also part of the immune system. Complement assists in killing bacteria, viruses, or infected cells. All of these specialized cells and parts of the immune system offer the body protection against disease. This protection is called immunity.

An antibody, also known as an immunoglobulin is a large, Y-shaped protein which is produced mainly by plasma cells and it is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Antibodies are secreted by B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system, mostly by differentiated B cells called plasma cells. Hence, chemically, an antibody is a protein.

Antibody are produced by B-lymphocytes. The plasma cell /plasma B cells/effector B cell are white blood cells that secrete large volumes of antibodies. Plasma cell originates in the bone marrow.B cell differentiate into a plasma cell that produces antibody molecules. These are transported by the blood plasma and the lymphatic system. Once these are released into the blood and lymph, these antibody molecules bind to the target antigen and initiate its neutralization or destruction.

Immunoglobulin also known as antibodies are glycoprotein molecules produced by plasma cells (white blood cells). They act as a critical part of the immune response by specifically recognizing and binding to particular antigens, such as bacteria or viruses and help in their destruction.The antibody immune response is highly complex and exceedingly specific. Hence, antibodies are complex glycoproteins.

An antibody which belongs to the class of immunoglobulin is a large, Y-shaped protein which is produced mainly by plasma cells and it is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Antibodies are secreted by B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system, mostly by differentiated B cells called plasma cells.