Tag: kidney dialysis

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Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Identify correctly matched pairs.
1. Uremia- Excessive amount of urea in blood
2. Hyperglycemia- Excess glucose in blood
3. Absence of factor VIII- Haemophilia
4. X-linked disorder- Glycosuria

  1. 1, 2, 3 correct

  2. 1, 2 correct

  3. 2, 4 correct

  4. 1, 3 correct
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
1. Uremia is the condition in which there is excess urea present in the body. It occurs when there is decreased excretion of urea in the kidney.
2. Hyperglycemia is the condition of excess glucose in blood. It can occur due to factor like decreased level of insulin in blood.
3. Factor VIII is known as anti-haemophilic factor. Deficiency of this factor causes classical haemophilia in which blood clot formation does not occur and the bleeding continues.
4. Glycosuria is the presence of glucose in urine. This indicates abnormal absorption of glucose in the renal tubules.
Hence, 1,2 and 3 options are correctly matched pairs.
So, the correct answer is '1, 2, 3 correct'. 
Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Which of the following disease shows the blockage of kidney tubules and causes severe back pain?

  1. Nephtritis

  2. Kidney failure

  3. Uremia

  4. Renal calculi
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Renal calculi or kidney stone is a solid piece of material blocking the passage of urine in ureter. It leads to pain usually in lower back and then growing in groin area.

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Black urine disease is due to

  1. Absence of alkapton oxidase

  2. Absence of homogentisic acid

  3. Metabolism of phenylalanine

  4. Metabolism of tyrosine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Black urine disease, or alkaptonuria, is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (alkapton oxidase). This deficiency leads to the accumulation of homogentisic acid, which turns black upon oxidation in urine.

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Which of the following disease shows the blockage of kidney tubules and causes severe back pain?

  1. Renal calculi

  2. Kidney failure

  3. Uremia

  4. Nephritis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Renal calculi is also called as kidney stones. Renal calculi mainly contains calcium oxalate. It also includes cystine stones or uric acid stones. It results in the blockage of kidney tubules by a solid mass of crystals. It causes severe pain in the back, abdomen, flank and groin. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Select correct option for the following statement.
(a) It occurs due to bacterial infection
(b) Back pain
(c) Frequent urination
(d) It is an inflammation of renal pelvis, intestinal tissue and calyces.

  1. Uremia

  2. Renal Calculi

  3. Kidney failure

  4. Nephritis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Nephritis is the inflammation of kidneys. renal pelvis, intestinal tissue and calyces. It occurs due to bacterial infection or toxins. Symptoms include back pain, pain in pelvis, frequent urination, blood or pus in urine, swelling in some body parts. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'nephritis.'

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Uraemia is an excretory disorder in which

  1. The tubules of kidney reabsorb urea in large amount.

  2. Concentration of urea goes high in the blood because the tubules are not able to remove it from the blood.

  3. Urea is produced in excess in the body.

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Uraemia is the toxic effects of abnormally high concentrations of urea or nitrogenous substances in the blood as a result of the kidneys failure to expel these waste products by way of the urine. The end products of protein metabolism accumulate in the blood but are normally filtered out when the blood passes through the kidneys. Uraemia can result from any disorder that impairs the functioning of the kidneys or that hinders the excretion of urine from the body. 

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Diuretics are substances that help eliminate water from the body. Few volunteers were taken into the study, all of which had same mass. They drank nothing for eight hours before the test and urinated just prior to ingesting the test substance. The three substances (water, caffeine, and salt) were tested on three separate days. The results are shown in the tables below.
Table 1

Volunteer Amount of caffeine ingested(in 100 ml water) Volume of urine collected after 1 hour
A 50 mg 302 ml
B 100 mg 492 ml
C 150 mg 667 ml
D 200 mg 863 ml


Table 2

Volunteer Amount of sodium chloride ingested(in 100 ml water) Volume of urine collected after 1 hour
A 0.9 g 201 ml
B 1.8 g 162 ml
C 2.7 g 125 ml
D 3.6 g 82 ml

Table 3

Volunteer Volume of water ingested Volume of urine collected after 1 hour
A 100 ml 230 ml
B 200 ml 240 ml
C 300 ml 252 ml
D 400 ml 263 ml


Which of the following substances could be classified as a diuretic?

  1. Caffeine

  2. Sodium

  3. Water

  4. Both A and B

  5. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Diuretics are substances that cause an increase in the production of urine. In the given table 1, as the concentration of caffeine ingestion increases, volume of urine increases. Same results can be made from table 3 that is the volume of urine collected increases with the volume of water ingested but In table 2 as the concentration of sodium chloride ingested, the volume of urine decreases gradually. So, water and caffeine can be classified as a diuretic. Thus, the correct answer is 'Both A and C.'