Tag: evidences for evolution - taxonomy, molecular biology and cytology

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Multiple choice zoology evolution evidences for evolution - taxonomy, molecular biology and cytology evidences of evolution evidences of biological evolution

Microscopic colloidal droplets synthesised abiotically in the ancient seas are called as__________.

  1. Coacervates

  2. Precells

  3. Protobionts

  4. Eobionts
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A-  Coacervate can be defined as an aggregate of macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acid often surrounded by the cell membranes and forms a stable colloid with properties that resemble living matter. According to Russian biochemist Aleksandr Oparin in the hot primitive seas, organic molecules would gather in small drops, similar to the actual cells. These small drops bunddled up in water molecules are called “coacervates”. 

Multiple choice zoology evolution evidences for evolution - taxonomy, molecular biology and cytology evidences of evolution evidences of biological evolution

In evolutionary terms, we are more related to

  1. Skull of baby chimpanzee

  2. Adult chrmpanzee

  3. Gorilla

  4. Ape
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Bone structure and shape of baby chimp and infant baby skulls are very similar, with the classic huge head and tiny cute face we seem programmed to love. In adolescent chimpanzee and an adult human we can see the jaw start to lengthen in both and their overall similarity. The adult chimpanzee, who has a significantly larger and more powerful bite than any adult human. So, humans and chimpanzees appear to have very similar development in terms of bone structure as they grow up, except that humans just seem to stop at a certain point. There are a multitude of theories as to why this happens, but they all seem to follow the pattern of certain behaviours being selected for which affect the balance of hormones in the body that control the development of adult features. This is called neoteny. So, we can say in evolutionary terms, we are more related to skull of baby chimpanzee than apes, gorillas and adult chimp. Thus, option A is correct and other options are wrong.

Multiple choice zoology evolution evidences for evolution - taxonomy, molecular biology and cytology evidences of evolution evidences of biological evolution

Origin of life is also termed as 

  1. Biogenesis

  2. Abiogenesis

  3. Protobiogenesis

  4. Spontaneous generation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The origin of life, specifically the transition from non-living matter to the first living entities, is scientifically referred to as protobiogenesis or abiogenesis (though protobiogenesis is more specific to the early stages).

Multiple choice zoology evolution evidences for evolution - taxonomy, molecular biology and cytology evidences of evolution evidences of biological evolution

Life comes from pre - existing life was stated by

  1. Louis Pasteur

  2. Oparin

  3. Darwin

  4. Miller
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Louis Pasteur determined through his different experiments that life on earth has originated from different living organisms. He performed an experiment to test whether nutrient broth could spontaneously generate microbial life or not. In these experiments, he used swan-necked flasks, in which he killed all the microorganisms. But, within a short time, they got infected again with the regeneration of new microorganisms.  

So, option A "Louis Pasteur" is the correct answer.

Multiple choice zoology evolution evidences for evolution - taxonomy, molecular biology and cytology evidences of evolution evidences of biological evolution

Forelimbs of mammals have a common basic structure or pattern but are different in their usage/function in different animals. They can be called 

  1. Homologous organs

  2. Analogous organs

  3. Vestigial organs

  4. Rudimentary organs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Homology indicates common ancestry. Homologous organs have similar structure but different functions. Example: Forelimbs of bat, cheetah, whales and human have similar structure but different functions.
Analogy indicates diverse ancestry. Analogous organs have different structure but perform similar functions. Example: Wings of butterfly and birds are different in structure but perform similar function.
Multiple choice zoology evolution evidences for evolution - taxonomy, molecular biology and cytology evidences of evolution evidences of biological evolution

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given .
Which one of the following promotes similarity among living things?

  1. Adaptation

  2. Natural selection in different environments

  3. Inheritance from a common ancestor

  4. Homeostatic regulation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A common belief in evolution is the unity in the organisation of the organisms at various levels is due to descent from a common ancestor.

So, the correct option is 'Inheritance from a common ancestor'.

Multiple choice zoology evolution evidences for evolution - taxonomy, molecular biology and cytology evidences of evolution evidences of biological evolution

Who discovered the fossil of archaeopteryx from bavaria (Germany)?

  1. Thomas Huxley

  2. Hermann von Meyer

  3. Colin Harrison

  4. Andreas Wagner
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
The first fossil of Archaeopteryx (a feather) was discovered in Bavaria, Germany in 1860. It was named by Hermann von Meyer (German paleontologist) in 1861. Archaeopteryx is considered as the connecting link between reptiles and birds. These were evidently in existence 150 million years ago, in the late Jurassic period.
Hence, the answer is option B. 
Multiple choice zoology evolution evidences for evolution - taxonomy, molecular biology and cytology evidences of evolution evidences of biological evolution

Assertion : Comparative biochemistry provides a strong evidence in favour of common ancestry of living beings. 

Reason : Genetic code is universal.

  1. If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion

  2. If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion

  3. If the assertion is true but the reason is false

  4. If both the assertion and reason are false

  5. If the assertion is false but reason is true
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Convincing evidence of common ancestry comes from the similarities in the biochemical composition, reactions and physiological activities of living beings, like metabolic process, enzymes, cytochrome C, insulin, haemoglobin, blood and lymph etc. Genetic code is the sequence of DNA nucleotides that determines the amino acid sequence of the translated protein. The genetic code is read in triplets of basescalled codons.  Genetic code is applicable universally i.e. a codon specifies the same amino acid from a virus to a tree or human beings. The mRNA from chick oviduct introduced in E. coli produces an ovalbumen in the bacterium exactly similar to one formed in chick.