Tag: vaccines

Questions Related to vaccines

Some antibiotics act ionospheres, which means that they ______________________.

biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

  1. Interfere directly with bacterial cell wall synthesis

  2. Increase cell membrane permeability to specific ions

  3. Inhibit both transcription and translation

  4. Inhibit electrophoresis separation of ions

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Correct Option: A

Microorganisms are our friends and foes. Some of them are useful for us while some of them are harmful. From the given list sort out useful and harmful actions of microorganisms.
Production of antibiotics, food spoiling, curd preparation, vaccine production, citrus canker.

biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

  1. Useful: Curd preparation, citrus canker, production of antibiotics

    Harmful: Food spoiling, vaccine production

  2. Useful: Production of antibiotics, curd preparation, vaccine production

    Harmful: Food spoiling, citrus canker

  3. Useful: Citrus canker, vaccine production, curd preparation

    Harmful: Food spoiling, production of antibiotics

  4. Useful: Vaccine production, curd preparation

    Harmful: Food spoiling, citrus canker, production of antibiotics

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
An antibiotic is a chemical substance that inhibits the growth of bacteria. They hinder the reproductive cycle of the bacteria inside the body of the host.
Lactobacillus is a genus of bacteria, which can convert sugars into lactic acid by means of fermentation. 
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. It has killed or weakened suspension of microorganism which generates the immune response.
Citrus canker is a disease affecting citrus species caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas axopods. The infection causes lesions on the leaves, stems, and fruit of citrus trees, including lime, oranges, and grapefruit. 

Micorganism like fungus releases toxins which spoils the food.
So, the correct answer is option B.

An antibody is best described as

biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

  1. A particle

  2. An organism

  3. A molecule

  4. A fragment

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

An antibody is commonly known as an immunoglobulin (Ig). It is a large, Y-shape protein molecule produced by plasma cells in response to the antigen.

So, the correct answer is option C.

The drug used in relaxing mental and physical stress is

biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

  1. Morphine

  2. Quinine

  3. Ginseng

  4. Digoxin

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:
  • The botanical name of ginseng is Panax ginseng. It is from family Araliaceae.  is obtained from the roots of the plant and used to cure a variety of diseases.
  • It is used for improving thinking, memory, physical stamina and athletic endurance. 
  • Some people use it to help them cope with mental and physical stress and as a general tonic for improving well-being. 
  • It is also used for depression, anxiety, for boosting the immune system and for fighting particular infections in a lung disease called as cystic fibrosis. 
  • So, the correct answer is option C.

Which one of the following is a antifungal antibiotic?

biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

  1. Streptomycin

  2. Aureomycin

  3. Griseofulvin

  4. Chloromycetin

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
1. Streptomycin is an antibacterial antibiotic.
2. Aureomycin is a brand name of medication included in antiinfectives and antiseptics.
3. Griseofulvin is an effective antifungal medication used to treat infections of skin, scalp, nails etc.so it is used to treat only fungal infections.
4. Chloromycetin is an effective medicine used for the treatment of serious infections caused by bacteria only.
So, the correct answer is 'Griseofulvin'.

Penicillin was used during 

biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

  1. World war II

  2. World war I

  3. Both A and B

  4. III war of Panipat

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Penicillin is a secondary metabolite of certain species of Penicillium and is produced when the growth of the fungus is inhibited by stress. It was used during World War II. It is not produced during active growth. Production is also limited by feedback in the synthesis pathway of penicillin.

So, the correct option is 'World war II'.

Streptomycin is effective for treatment of pathogens which are 

biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

  1. Gram $(+)$ bacteria 

  2. Gram $(-)$ bacteria

  3. Both A and B

  4. Gram neutral

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Streptomycin is an antibiotic, a medicine used to inhibit the growth of microbes. Streptomycin is a broad spectrum antibiotic which works against both gram negative and gram-positive bacteria.

So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'

The antibiotic inhibiting cell wall formation in bacterial cells is

biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

  1. Clavicin

  2. Penicillin

  3. Ergotine

  4. None of the above

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Correct Option: B

The latest broad-spectrum antibiotics are

biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

  1. Cyclosporins

  2. 4-Quinolones

  3. Gentamicins

  4. Neomycins

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Antibiotics are the medicine that inhibits the growth of disease-causing microbes inside the body. There are two kinds of Antibiotics broad and narrow spectrum antibiotics. Broad spectrum antibiotics can be used for both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Latest of them are 4-Quinolones.

So, the correct option is '4-Quinolones'.

Four people W, X, Y and Z were suffering with common cold. X and Y took antibiotics while W and Z did not. An experiment was done and W and Y were subjected to some bacterial infection during cold. Which of the following can be the observation of the experiment?

biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

  1. Both X and Z took almost the same time in getting normal because common cold is a viral disease

  2. Y recovered earlier than W because antibiotics taken by Y resisted bacterial infection although antibiotics did not affect cold

  3. Z recovered earlier than W because it was not subjected to bacterial infection

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Usually, antibiotics do not work against colds, flu, bronchitis, or sinus infections because these are viruses. Antibiotics are needed to treat infections and illnesses that are caused by bacteria. Taking an antibiotic unnecessarily has led to the growth of several strains of common bacteria that are now antibiotic resistant. For these and other reasons, it is important to only use antibiotics in situations where they are needed.

So, the correct answer is option D.