Tag: change in nucleus due to radioactive decay

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Multiple choice physics nuclear physics beta decay change in nucleus due to radioactive decay alpha, beta and gamma particles (rays) and their properties

In $\beta^-$ decay, a

  1. neutron converts into a proton emitting antineutrino.

  2. neutron converts into a proton emitting neutrino.

  3. proton converts into a neutron emitting antineutrino.

  4. proton converts into a neutron emitting neutrino.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The reaction of beta decay is shown as :

$n \rightarrow p + e^- + \bar{\nu} _e$               (antineutrino)

So, in a $\beta-$ decay, a neutron converts into a proton emitting antineutrino.

option (A) is correct.

Multiple choice physics nuclei beta decay change in nucleus due to radioactive decay alpha, beta and gamma particles (rays) and their properties

Which of the following nuclei is produced when a $ _{92}U^{238}$ nucleus undergoes a $(d, 2n)$ reaction followed by a beta decay?

  1. $ _{93}Np^{238}$

  2. $ _{94}Pu^{239}$

  3. $ _{94}Pu^{238}$

  4. $ _{92}U^{238}$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A (d, 2n) reaction on U-238 (Z=92, A=238) involves adding a deuteron (Z=1, A=2) and removing two neutrons (Z=0, A=1 each), resulting in Z=93, A=238 (Np-238). A subsequent beta decay (Z increases by 1, A stays same) results in Z=94, A=238, which is Pu-238.

Multiple choice physics nuclear physics beta decay change in nucleus due to radioactive decay alpha, beta and gamma particles (rays) and their properties

In which of the following processes, the number of protons in the nucleus increase?

  1. $\alpha-decay$

  2. $\beta^--decay$

  3. $\beta^+-decay$

  4. k-capture
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

${ \beta  }^{ - }\quad decay$ :
Example: $ _{ 6 }^{ 14 }{ C }\longrightarrow _{ 7 }^{ 14 }{ N }+{ e }^{ - }+\bar { { v } _{ e } }$
Atomic number increases by 1 unit, which implies increase in proton.

Multiple choice physics nuclear physics beta decay change in nucleus due to radioactive decay alpha, beta and gamma particles (rays) and their properties

Atomic masses of two isobars $ _{29}^{63}Cu$ and $ _{30}^{64}Zn$ are $63.9298 u$ and $63.9292 u$, respectively. It can be concluded from this data that

  1. both the isobars are stable

  2. $^{64}Zn$ is radioactive, decaying to $^{64}Cu$ through $\beta-decay$

  3. $^{64}Cu$ is radioactive, decaying to $^{64}Zn$ through $\beta-decay$

  4. $^{64}Cu$ is radioactive, decaying to $^{64}Zn$ through $\gamma-decay$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

$Zn$ with higher no.of nucleons has a lower mass than $Cu$, which means that the binding energy/nucleon is higher in $Zn$.
Which means that $Zn$ is more stable than $Cu$.
Hence, $Cu$ will have a tendency to convert to $Zn$ by radioactive decay
$\beta$ decay to change the atomic number.
$\gamma$ decay can't help in changing the no. of protons in the nucleus.

Multiple choice physics nuclear physics beta decay change in nucleus due to radioactive decay alpha, beta and gamma particles (rays) and their properties

The electron emitted in beta radiation originates from

  1. inner orbits of atoms

  2. free electrons existing in nuclei

  3. decay of a neutron in a nucleus

  4. photon escaping from the nucleus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The electron emitted in beta radiation may originates from neutron and it increases the atomic number $1$.

Multiple choice physics nuclear physics beta decay change in nucleus due to radioactive decay alpha, beta and gamma particles (rays) and their properties

Masses of two isobars $ _{29}Cu^{64}$ and $ _{30}Zn^{64}$ are $63.9298\ u$ and $63.9292\ u$, respectively. It can be conclude from these data that

  1. Both the isobars are stable

  2. $Zn^{64}$ is radioactive, decaying to $Cu^{64}$ through $\beta-decay$

  3. $Cu^{64}$ is radioactive, decaying to $Zn^{64}$ through $\gamma-decay$

  4. $Cu^{64}$ is radioactive, decaying to $Zn^{64}$ through $\beta-decay$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Same no. of nucleons for $Cu^{64}$ and $Zn^{64}$
However, $M _{Cu}> M _{Zn}$
which indicates that the mass defect/ nuclear binding energy per nucleon is lesser of $Cu$, hence it will have a tendency to get to more stable form by $\beta $ decay.

Multiple choice physics nuclear physics beta decay change in nucleus due to radioactive decay alpha, beta and gamma particles (rays) and their properties

Neutron decay in free space is given as follows
$ _{ 0 }{ n }^{ 1 }\longrightarrow _{ 1 }{ H }^{ 1 }+ _{ 1 }{ e }^{ 0 }+$[  ]
Then the parenthesis [  ] represents a

  1. neutrino

  2. photon

  3. antineutrino

  4. graviton
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Since the charge is already conserved in the decay process, proton cannot be ejected.

To conserve the spin angular momentum of the initial neutron particle, an antineutrino (chargeless) is ejected.

Multiple choice physics nuclear physics beta decay change in nucleus due to radioactive decay alpha, beta and gamma particles (rays) and their properties

The number of neutrons in the element L in the following nuclear changes is 
$^{238} _{92}M\, \rightarrow\, ^x _y\, N\, +\, ^4 _2\, He$
$^X _YN\, \rightarrow\, ^A _BL\, +\, 2\beta^+$

  1. $146$

  2. $144$

  3. $140$

  4. $142$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
$ _{ 92 }^{ 238 }{ M }\rightarrow _{ y }^{ x }{ N }+ _{ 2 }^{ 4 }{ He }$
$y=92-2=90 \\ x=238-4=234$
$ _{ 90 }^{ 234 }{ N }\rightarrow _{ B }^{ A }L+2 _{ +1 }^{ o }{ \beta  }\\ B=90-2=88\\ A=234$
no. of neutrons $=234-88 \\ =146$
So, $(A)$ is correct option.
Multiple choice physics nuclear physics beta decay change in nucleus due to radioactive decay alpha, beta and gamma particles (rays) and their properties

$^{11} _{6}C\, \rightarrow\,  ^{11} _{5}B$ decay produces -

  1. Positron

  2. $\beta$-particle

  3. $\alpha $-particle

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The positron or antielectron is the antiparticle or the antimatter counterpart of the electron. The positron has an electric charge of $+1e$, a spin of $\cfrac{1}{2}$ and has the same mass as an electron.