Tag: body fluid

Blood clotting factors are needed for blood to clot (coagulation). Prothrombin is one of the clotting factors made by the liver. During normal blood coagulation, a coagulation cascade activates prothrombin by converting it into the serine protease thrombin. Thrombin then converts the soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin strands. These strands are then cross-linked by factor XIII to form a blood clot. As soon as blood from a wound is exposed to the air, the platelets disintegrate and react with fibrinogen to create fibrin: a mass of tiny threads. This triggers a whole series of reactions that rely on adequate levels of calcium and vitamin K to work. Calcium is also an important part of the blood clotting process. Elastin is a highly elastic protein in connective tissue and allows many tissues in the body to resume their shape after stretching or contracting. It is not present in the blood.

A person cannot expel all the air from the lungs even after forceful expiration. The volume of air which remains in the lungs after the most forceful expiration is called residual volume, it is about 1100 mL to 1200 mL A rise in $PCO _{2}$ decreases the $O _{2}$ affinity of haemoglobin.

The ability of the body to regulate its internal physiological processes in order to maintain the equilibrium is called the dynamic equilibrium. It is performed to keep the physiological responses from fluctuating with the external conditions of the environment. Different organ system work under the regulation of hypothalamus and medulla maintain the dynamic homeostasis. 

The amount of oxygen in the blood is 20.8ml or 20.8 volume. Oxygen is carried in the blood in two forms: dissolved and bound to hemoglobin. 

Blood is a fluid connective tissue. Blood is considered a connective tissue for two basic reasons:- 

Blood iѕ аlѕо a regulator оf mаnу factors in the body. It oversees the temperature оf the bоdу аnd maintains it tо a level that iѕ tolerated bу thе bоdу with ease. Blood iѕ аlѕо responsible fоr controlling thе concentration оf Hydrogen ions in thе body, whiсh аrе аlѕо knоwn аѕ pH balance. Thе administration оf thе levels оf water аnd salt required bу еасh cell оf thе bоdу аlѕо falls undеr thе regulation duties оf blood. An anоthеr regulatory task performed bу blood iѕ tо control thе blood pressure аnd restrict it undеr a nоrmаl range.

In the body, the heart is muscular organ made up of cardiac muscles which has four chambers. The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the veins and pumps it to the lungs that oxygenates it.The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it through the arteries to all body. Thus the correct answer is option A.

Blood is the primary means of transport in the body as it is responsible for transporting important nutrients and materials to and from the cells and molecules that make up our body. It is the duty of blood to first take the oxygen processed by the lungs to all the cells of the body and then to collect the carbon dioxide from the cells and deliver it to the lungs. 

The blood helps to keep certain values of the body in balance. For instance, it makes sure that the right body temperature is maintained. This is done both through blood plasma, which can absorb or give off heat, as well as through the speed at which the blood is flowing. When the blood vessels expand, the blood flows more slowly and this causes heat to be lost. When the environmental temperature is low the blood vessels can contract, so that as little heat as possible is lost. Even the so-called pH value of the blood is kept at a level ideal for the body. The pH value tells us how acidic or alkaline a liquid is. A constant pH value is very important for bodily functions.