Tag: excretory system of human

Increase in frequency of urination is called as Polyurea. The most common cause of polyurea in children and adult is uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.it may also occur due to various reasons such as urinary tract infractions, hypopituitarism, Hyperglycemia etc.

Ketonuria is the Presence of the high number of ketone bodies in urine. It may occur due to diabetes, starvation, fasting or glycogen storage disease. Ketone bodies(acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate) are water-soluble molecules containing keto group these are not carbohydrates like Ketone sugar (fructose).

Haematuria is the presence of blood cells in the urine. It may occur due to various reasons such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones etc. Both RBC(Red blood cells) and WBC (White blood cells) are blood cells. Hence haematuria is the presence of both RBC, WBC in urine.

Haematuria is the presence of blood cells in the urine. It may occur due to various reasons such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones etc. Hence haematuria is the disorder involving the loss of blood through the urine.

Kidney stones are also called urine calculi. Urine calculi are small stones which are hard deposit in the kidneys and cause pain when are passed through the urinary stream. They are often calcium oxalate crystals. Hence kidney stone is produced due to crystallization of oxalates.

When the body has low levels of insulin it cannot get enough glucose into cells for energy requirements. So the body uses alternate energy by burning body fat. Ketone bodies are byproducts in the metabolism of fat. During starvation or fasting conditions the liver synthesizes glucose through a process called gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from fat. During gluconeogenesis, the ketone bodies are formed as byproducts where the product is glucose. The accumulation of ketone bodies in tissues are called as ketosis. Hence ketosis is due to Low insulin levels.

Anuria means non passage of urine, in practice is defined as passage of less than 100 milliliters of urine in a day. Anuria is caused by failure in the function of kidneys. It may also occur because of some severe obstruction like kidney stones or tumours. It may occur with end stage renal disease.

Diabetes insipidus is a condition caused by the deficiency of antidiuretic hormone ADH in the body. ADH(Antidiuretic hormone) helps the kidneys keep the correct amount of water in the body. Diabetes insipidus is marked by intense thirst and heavy urination. Thus the condition in-which kidneys fail to conserve water leading to water loss and dehydration due to impaired ADH synthesis or release is Diabetes insipidus'.

Rickets is the condition of the weakening of bones due to vitamin D deficiency in the children. In people with old age, rickets is due to renal insufficiency caused due to Osteoporosis and chronic kidney disease.