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Questions Related to botany

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

Which one of the following is a correct statement?

  1. Pteridophyte gametophyte has a protonemal and leafy stage.

  2. In gymnosperms, female gametophyte is free-living

  3. Antheridiophores and archegoniophores are present in pteridophytes.

  4. Origin of seed habit can be traced in pteridophytes.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Bryophytes are an informal group consisting of three divisions of non-vascular land plants: the liverworts, hornworts and mosses. They are characteristically limited in size and prefer moist habitats although they can survive in drier environments. A bryophyte spore germinates and produces an often algal-like mat, called a protonema (plural protonemata) and the leafy or thalloid stage of the gametophyte develops from the protonemal stage. The protonemata are almost always ephemeral but there are exceptions. Amongst the mosses there is a small number of species in which the protonemata are persistent and the leafy plants are ephemeral. The spore was haploid and so are the resulting protonema and the ensuing leafy or thalloid stages.

So the correct option is 'pteridophyta gametophyte has a protonema and leafy stage'.

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

Adult sporophyte and gametophyte are both free living in a

  1. Fungus

  2. Moss

  3. Fern

  4. Conifer
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Most of the algae have dominant gametophyte generations. But in some species, the gametophytes and sporophytes are morphologically similar. An independent sporophyte is a dominant form in all clubmosses, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms that have survived to the present day. The gametophyte is dominant in the mosses, liverworts & hornworts only. In mosses, the gametophyte feeds its small attached offspring sporophyte. The mature sporophyte is composed of a "foot" that remains stuck in the gametophyte moss carpet. The sporophyte stands above the moss mat as a long stalk and a capsule that looks like a salt shaker at the tip.
The sporophyte is dominant in all other plants: the ferns, club mosses, horsetails, the gymnosperm (conifers, cycads, ginkgo), and the angiosperm.
In gymnosperm and angiosperm, the entire gametophyte generation is miniature and contained in the cones or the flowers.

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

Fern phloem lacks

  1. Sieve tubes

  2. Companion cells

  3. Phloem parenchyma

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Fern phloem lacks companion cells. Placenta in fern is the place of attachment of sporangia.
Companion cells occur only in angiosperms.
Companion cell is any of a number of specialized parenchyma cells adjacent to a sieve tube in the phloem of flowering plants, believed to regulate the flow of nutrients through the tube.

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

In pteridophytes, the xylem mainly consists of

  1. Vessels

  2. Sclerids

  3. Tracheids

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Pteridophyta is the primitive vascular plants. They are also called as vascular cryptogams. They are flowerless, seedless, spore-bearing vascular plants. In pteridophytes, the xylem mainly consists of tracheids and xylem parenchyma. Generally, vessels are absent but some primitive types of vessels are present in some of the species.

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

Fern rhizome is

  1. Root

  2. Stem

  3. Rhizophore

  4. Rhizoid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Fern stems are often called rhizomes, but this term refers to those with a long-creeping or climbing habit. If the stem is short and compact and radially symmetric, either erect, prostrate or ascending then it is called a caudex or rootstock. In some cases, the caudex is erect and tree-like with an apical radial tuft of leaves (Cyathea, Dicksonia, Leptopteris, some Blechnum, Thelypteridaceae) in which case it is often called a trunk. Creeping rhizomes can be either long-creeping with widely spaced fronds or short-creeping with fronds relatively close together. The rhizomes can be radial or radially symmetric or dorsiventral with leaves or fronds produced on the dorsal or upper side and roots produced on ventral or lower side.
Some plants have rhizomes that grow above ground or that lie at the soil surface, including some Iris species, and ferns, whose spreading stems are rhizomes. Plants with underground rhizomes include gingers, bamboo, the Venus Flytrap, Chinese lantern, Western poison-oak, hops, and Alstroemeria, and the weeds Johnson grass, Bermuda grass, and purple nutsedge. Rhizomes generally form a single layer, but in Giant Horsetails, can be multi-tiered
So, the correct answer is 'Stem'
Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

In which of the following groups would you place a plant, which produces spores, has vascular tissues and lacks flowers and seeds?

  1. Bryophytes

  2. Pteridophytes

  3. Gymnosperms

  4. Algae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Pteridophytes:
1. Members of this group are most primitive living vascular plants.
2. The main plant body is a sporophyte. It is differentiated into root, stem and leaves.
3. Plants (sporophyte) reproduce by spores formed in sporangia. Sporangia develop either on the ventral surface or in the axil of leaves.
4. Plants may be homosporous or heterosporous. The development of sporangium may be of eusporangiate (when developing from a group of initials) or leptosporangiate. (When developing from a single initial) type.
5. Spores develop into a multi-cellular gametophytic body called prothallus- a thalloid structure. It is independent and chlorophyllous. It bears male reproductive organs called antheridia and female reproductive organs called archegonia. Reproductive organs are multicellular and jacketed.
6. Water is essential to effect fertilization as male reproductive units are flagellated and motile.
7. Seed formation never takes place in living pteridophytes.
8. An embryo develops in situ after fertilization and the sporophyte remains attached to the gametophyte till the development of root.
9. Plants show clear alternation of generations. The sporophyte and gametophyte are independent of each other.

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

Pteridophytes are also called as

  1. Phanerogams

  2. Crytogams

  3. Vascular cryptogams

  4. Embryophytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Pteridophytes or Pteridophyta are vascular plants meaning that they contain vascular systems for the transport of water and food material.These vascular systems are xylem and phloem. They reproduce bt spores. They are flowerless and seedless plants and hence they are also called as vascular cryptogams.