Tag: botany

• Rhizobium is a genus of bacteria associated with the formation of root nodules on plants. These bacteria live in symbiosis with legumes. They take in nitrogen from the atmosphere and pass it on to the plant, allowing it to grow in soil low in nitrogen.
  
• A lichen is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi in a symbiotic relationship. 
  
• Mycorrhizal fungi colonize the plant's root system and develop a symbiotic association called “mycorrhiza” They form a network of fine filaments that associate with plant roots and draw nutrients and water from the soil that the root system would not be able to access otherwise.
  
• Lichens, Rhizobium and Mycorrhizae  have symbiotic relationships and follow same mode of nutrition.
• So the correct answer is " All the above".

Lichens are the symbiotic associations i.e; mutually useful associations between algae and fungi. The algal component is known as phycobiont and the fungal component is known as mycobiont. Algae prepare food for fungi and fungi provide shelter and absorb mineral nutrients and water for its partner.  option C is the answer

• A lichen is a composite organism that emerges from algae living among the filaments (hyphae) of the fungi in a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship.
• Fungi are Achlorophyllous organisms because they do not perform photosynthesis due to the absence of chlorophyll.
• Hence Lichens are composites consisting of algae and achlorophyllous organisms(fungi).
• So, the correct answer is 'Achlorophyllous organisms'.

Lichens and mosses are extremely sensitive to sulfur dioxide pollution and fail to grow in areas with high concentrations of SO2. They serve as natural bioindicators of air quality, particularly for sulfur dioxide.

Fruticose lichens are characterized by a much-branched system of cylindrical, ribbon-like, or shrubby thalli that grow upright or hang down. Foliose lichens are leaf-like, while crustaceous lichens form a crust tightly adhered to the substrate.

• Mycorrhiza is the product formed by the symbiotic association between fungus and roots of higher plants, in which fungi protects the plant from pathogens and increases the surface area by which plants can absorb soil nutrients and water whereas plants provide the shelter and carbohydrates to fungi in which both get benefited.

Lichen can grow on barren rock and are the first living organisms or "pioneers" to colonize places, where no other living things can survive.