Tag: botany

Parasitic plants obtain their nutritional requirements from a host plant. 

A bacteria or fungi that lives within in a plant within the intercellular spaces, tissue cavities, or vascular bundles without harming the host is called as endophytes. They often benefit the host.

Parasitic plants are those which depend on other plants for their food either completely or incompletely. These plants produce a special organ called haustorium which produce adventitious roots to absorb food and nutrients.

So the correct option is D.

Symbiosis is a close, long-term biological interaction between two different organisms where both often benefit by sharing resources like food and shelter.

Legume family plants (Fabaceae), including pulses referred to as 'dal' in Indian languages, form well-known symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Rhizobium) in root nodules. This mutualistic relationship provides plants with nitrogen while bacteria receive carbohydrates.

Saprophytes are organisms that can't make their own food. In order to survive, they feed on dead and decaying matter. Fungi and a few species of bacteria are saprophytes. They grow tubular structures, or hyphae, which are filaments that grow and branch into the dead matter, produce digestive enzymes and digest away the dead organism. In order for a saprotrophic organism to facilitate optimal growth and repair, favourable conditions and nutrients must be present.[4] Optimal conditions refer to several conditions which optimize the growth of saprotrophic organisms, such as;

• Presence of water: 80–90% of the fungi is composed of water by mass, and requires excess water for absorption due to the evaporation of internally retent water.
• In terms of nitrogen-rich sources, saprotrophs require combined protein for the creation of proteins, which is facilitated by the absorption of amino acids, and usually taken from the rich soil.
•  Fungi, bread mould, some protists, and many bacteria are saprophytic in nutrition.

Self-incompatibility is a genetic mechanism in plants that prevents self-pollen from germinating or fertilizing the ovule, thereby preventing inbreeding. Its primary biological significance is to promote outbreeding and maintain genetic diversity.

Albugo (a parasitic oomycete) and Vaucheria (a xanthophyte alga) both share a coenocytic (multinucleate without cross-walls) thallus structure and similar modes of sexual organ development and fertilization ( oogamous reproduction involving an oogonium and an antheridium).