Tag: botany

• Emasculation is the removal of stamens or anthers or killing the pollen of a flower without the female reproductive organ is known as emasculation. In bisexual flowers, emasculation is essential to prevent self-pollination. In monoecious plants, male flowers are removed or male inflorescence is removed. 
• In species with large flowers e.g., (cotton, pulses) hand emasculation is accurate and it is adequate. In species with large flowers, removal of anthers is possible with the help of forceps. It is done before anther dehiscence. 
• The corolla of the selected flower is opened with the help of forceps and the anthers are carefully removed with the help of forceps. 
• An efficient emasculation technique should prevent self-pollination and produce a high percentage of seed set on cross-pollination.

In tobacco, due to the continuous self-pollination, homozygosity increases. It results in the occurrence of inbreeding depression, and the plants are called Inbred lines. When these inbred lines are subjected to hybridization, fertile hybrids are obtained. This is called Hybrid vigour or heterosis. This was developed by Kolreuter.

So, the correct option is ‘Kolreuter’.

Guttation is loss of water in liquid form as a dilute solution from uninjured leaf tips. The uninjured leaf tips have hydathodes or water stomata. Under conditions of low transpiration dilute solution of minerals oozes out through them under the influence of increased root pressure.

Guttation is the excretion of drops of xylem sap on the tips or edges of leaves of some vascular plants through hydathode, such as grasses. It occurs in the absence of light i.e., at night and thus it is present on the edge of leaves in the early morning.

Transpiration is the loss of water through stomata in vapour form. Transpiration is regulated through guard cells. Guttation is the loss of water in liquid form through hydathodes. Hydathodes are free ends of vascular supply of leaves. Hydathodes are always open and not regulated by any cells.

Guttation is the loss of water in  the form of liquid through hydathodes or water stomata. It occurs due to positive root pressure and serves to remove excess water from the plant. As xylem sap is having dissolved minerals, water droplets that ooze out from them contain solution of water and minerals. 

Plants growing in bright light are called as sun plants or heliophytes, while plants growing in partial shade or low light intensity are called as shade plants or sciophytes. 

In succulent xerophyte, plants have fleshy organs, where water and mucilage are stored. Depending upon the organ, where succulence occurs, the succulents show chylocauly, i.e., fleshy stem, e.g., Opuntia, Euphorbia, Asparagus; chylophylly ie fleshy leaves, e.g., Agave, Aloe or chylorhizy, i.e., fleshy roots, e.g., Asparagus.

Plants living in dry conditions are called as xerophytes. These plants show many morphological and structural adaptations to survive in dry conditions. In stem the mechanical tissue is well developed and also bark is well developed to retain water