$\begin{vmatrix}a^2 + x^2 & ab - cx & ac + bx\ ab+ cx & b^2 + x^2 & bc - ax\ ac - bx & bc + ax & c^2 + x^2\end{vmatrix} =$
- $ \begin{vmatrix}x & b & -c\\ -a & x & c\\ a & -b & x\end{vmatrix}^2$
- $ \begin{vmatrix}x & -b & c\\ a & x & -c\\ -a & b & x\end{vmatrix}^2$
- $ \begin{vmatrix}x & c & -b\\ -c & x & a\\ b & -a & x\end{vmatrix}^2$
- $ \begin{vmatrix}x & -c & b\\ c & x & -a\\ -b & a & x\end{vmatrix}^2$
Let $D = \begin{vmatrix} x & c & -b\ -c & x & a\ b & -a & x\end{vmatrix}$
Cofactors of 1st Row of D are
$x^2 + a^2 , ab + cx, ac - bx$
Cofactor of 2nd Row of D are
$ab - cx,x^2 + b^2, ax + bc$
and cofactors of 3rd row of D are
$ax + bx, bc - ax, x^2 + c^2$
$\therefore $ Determinant of cofactors of D is
$D^c
= \begin{vmatrix}x^2 +a^2 & ab + cx & ac - bx\ ab - cx &
x^2 + b^2 & ax + bc\ ac + bx & bc - ax & x^2 +
c^2\end{vmatrix}$
$= \begin{vmatrix}a^2 + x^2 & ab- cx & ac
+ bx\ ab + cx & b^2 + x^2 & bc - ax\ ac - bx & ax +
bc & c^2 + x^2\end{vmatrix}$ (Rows interchanging into columns)
$= D^2$
$= \begin{vmatrix} x & c &-b^2 \ -c
& x & a\ b & -a & x\end{vmatrix}^2$
($\because D^c = D^2$, D is third order determinant)
Hence,
$\begin{vmatrix}a^2
+ x^2 & ab - cx & ac + bx\ ab+cx & b^2 + x^2 & bc -
ax\ ac - bx & ax + bc &c^2 + x^2 \end{vmatrix}
= \begin{vmatrix}x & c & -b\ -c & x & a\ b & -a
& x\end{vmatrix}^2$