Tag: basis of classification in animals

DNA probes are stretches of single-stranded DNA used to detect the presence of complementary nucleotide sequences (target sequences) by hybridization. Genomic library comprises large number of genes in the form of different nucleotide sequences of DNA fragments and they can be selected with the help of DNA probes.

Ecological hot spots are large areas of Earth's land surface which have high concentrations of plant endemism and also experience high rates of habitat loss. In India, 4 ecological hot spots are presently identified. The Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Indo-Burma region and the Sundaland constitute the biodiversity hot spots in our country. One of the major features of these places is the presence of numerous endemic species.

• A biodiversity hotspot is an area which has lost at least 70 per cent of its primary native vegetation 

• It contains at least 1,500 species of vascular plants which are endemic.

• There are currently 36 recognized biodiversity hotspots.

• These are Earth’s most biologically rich yet threatened terrestrial regions.

• The hotspots provide crucial ecosystem services for human life, such as provision of clean water, pollination and climate regulation.
  

• Conservation in the hotspots promotes sustainable management of these essential natural resources and supports economic growth, which also reduces drivers of violent conflict.
  

• So, the answer is in-situ conservation.

• A biodiversity hotspot is a biogeographic region that is both a significant reservoir of biodiversity and is threatened with destruction.
• The term biodiversity hotspot specifically refers to biologically rich areas around the world that have lost at least 70 per cent of their original habitat.
• There are 34 biodiversity hot spots across the globe, among which three occur in India such as the Western Ghats & Sri Lanka, Indo-Burma (North East India) and the Himalayas.
  
• Hence Western ghats & Sri Lanka, Indo Burma and Himalaya are Hot Spots of biodiversity in India.ervo
• So, the correct answer is 'The Western Ghats & Sri Lanka, Indo Burma and Himalaya'.

Ecological hot spots are large areas of Earth's land surface which have high concentrations of plant endemism and also experience high rates of habitat loss. In India, 4 ecological hot spots are presently identified. The Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Indo-Burma region and the Sundaland constitute the 4 biodiversity hot spots in our country. One of the major features of these places is the presence of numerous endemic species.

If we accept May's global estimates only 22% of the total species have been recorded so far. If May's proposal for discovery of new species is accepted then there are probably more than 1,00,000 plant species and more than 3,00,000 animal species yet to discovered and described.

Species diversity is the variety in the number and richness of the species of a region, Western Ghats have greater amphibian species diversity as compared to eastern ghats.

Vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels is called stratification. For example, trees occupy top vertical strata or layer of a forest, strubs the second and herbs and grasses occupy the bottom layers.

There are four major causes of biodiversity losses which are collectively called as the evil quartet. These are habitat loss and fragmentation, over exploitation, alien species invasion and co-extinctions. 

Alexander Von Humboldt observed that within a region richness increased with increased explored area, but only upto a limit. If a graph is plotted between species richness and area then we get a rectangular hyperbola. ON a log scale, the relationship becomes linear (straight line) and is described by the equation,