Tag: environmental pollution and industries

Questions Related to environmental pollution and industries

Large increase in absorption of UV- radiation of 260 nm by melted DNA duplex is called

business organisation and correspondence environmental pollution and industries air pollution and its effects the environment and us environment and conservation

  1. Gaidukov phenomenon

  2. Position effect

  3. DNA compaction

  4. Hyperchromic effect

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • The increase in the absorbance of a material is known as hyperchromicity and the effect is known as the hyperchromic effect.
  • The DNA molecule gets denatured by the hyperchromicity.
  • The absorption of UV radiation by DNA molecule increases when the two single DNA strands get separated by heat or by a heat denaturant or by changing the pH level.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Hyperchromic effect'.

Which of the following pollutants is not present in the vehicular exhaust emissions?

business organisation and correspondence environmental pollution and industries air pollution and its effects the environment and us environment and conservation

  1. Lead

  2. Ammonia

  3. Carbon monoxide

  4. Partculate matter

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Vehicular emissions are contributing to air quality problems, smog etc. emissions of many air pollutants have shown variety of negative effect on public health. Emission of principle pollutants like hydrocarbon, CO. $NO _x$, $SO _x$, particulate matter and volatile organic compounds are affecting natural environment and contributing to asthma, bronchitis and various diseases etc. Ammonia is not present in vehicular exhaust emissions.
So, the correct answer is 'Ammonia'.

Which particle ranges from 1 to 1000 um in diameter?

business organisation and correspondence environmental pollution and industries air pollution and its effects the environment and us environment and conservation

  1. Smoke

  2. Dust

  3. Fumes

  4. Spray

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Correct Option: B

Some effects of SO$ _2$ and its transformation products on plants include 

business organisation and correspondence environmental pollution and industries air pollution and its effects the environment and us environment and conservation

  1. Chlorophyll destruction

  2. Chlorophyll plasmolysis

  3. Golgi body destruction

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The presence of pollutant adversely affect the plants. Reduction in chlorophyll is caused by toxic ions formed by the dissolution of SO$ _2$ in water inside leaf tissue, which preferentially incorporate into thylakoid membrane disturbs the photosystems. The oxides of sulphur transform into several poisonous substances which hamper the growth of the plants.

So, the correct option is A.

Major source of air pollution is

business organisation and correspondence environmental pollution and industries air pollution and its effects the environment and us environment and conservation

  1. Fossil fuels

  2. Biogas

  3. NO$ _2$

  4. Coke

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Correct Option: A

Which of the atmospheric pollutant causes general chlorosis destruction of chlorophyll?

business organisation and correspondence environmental pollution and industries air pollution and its effects the environment and us environment and conservation

  1. SO$ _2$

  2. Hydrocarbons

  3. CO

  4. CO$ _2$

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The increase in the concentration of the air pollutants results in an adverse effect on the plants and animal health. SO$ _2$ is considered as one of the pollutants which causes bleaching of the plants. The chlorophyll pigments in the leaves of the plants are destroyed in the presence of increased amounts of sulfuric acid which is formed by reacting with the water in plants. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

Which component of a living cell are affected by the pollutant SO$ _2$ ?

business organisation and correspondence environmental pollution and industries air pollution and its effects the environment and us environment and conservation

  1. Membrane system of a cell

  2. Wall

  3. Plasmodesmata

  4. Nucleus

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Correct Option: A

Which of the following gas causes haemorrhage if inhaled ?

business organisation and correspondence environmental pollution and industries air pollution and its effects the environment and us environment and conservation

  1. Carbon dioxide

  2. Hydrogen sulphide

  3. Ozone

  4. Nitrogen oxide

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Ozone is a toxic gas which causes severe effects on the body on inhalation. The gas causes irritation in the nose, throat and other parts of the respiratory system. Inhalation of about 0.1 ppm of the gas may result in effects like swelling and bleeding of the lungs. Haemorrhage of the lungs, stomach and intestine is a common effect of the ozone breathing. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

When combustion of coal takes place in insufficient air (oxygen) which gas is formed . Instead of carbon dioxide

business organisation and correspondence environmental pollution and industries air pollution and its effects the environment and us environment and conservation

  1. Sulphur dioxide

  2. Nitrous oxide

  3. Carbon monoxide

  4. Nitrogen peroxide

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Fuels burn when they react with oxygen in the air. If there is plenty of air, complete combustion happens.  Coal is mostly carbon. During complete combustion, carbon is oxidized to carbon dioxide:
carbon + oxygen -- carbon dioxide
If there is insufficient air for complete combustion, incomplete combustion (also called partial combustion)  happens. Hydrogen is still oxidized to water, but carbon monoxide forms instead of carbon dioxide.

So, the correct answer is 'Carbon monoxide'.

'Heat islands' are produced due to

business organisation and correspondence environmental pollution and industries air pollution and its effects the environment and us environment and conservation

  1. Air pollution

  2. Water pollution

  3. Land pollution

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A heat island is an area that is constantly warmer than surrounding areas. One of the reasons for the formation of heat island is air pollution. Other important reasons are changes in landscape due to the construction of buildings, roads, and other infrastructure which had replaced open land and vegetation. An island formation is the result of local changes in the environment brought about by urbanisation and release of polluting gases.

So, the correct answer is option A.