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Multiple choice biology biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

Conversion of sugar into alcohol during fermentation is due to the direct action of

  1. Temperature

  2. Microorganism

  3. Zymase

  4. Concentration of sugar solution
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The overall process of fermentation is to convert glucose sugar (C$ _6$H$ _{12}$O$ _6$) to alcohol (CH$ _3$CH$ _2$OH) and carbon dioxide gas (CO$ _2$). The reactions within the yeast to make this happen are very complex but the overall process is as follows: 

C$ _6$H$ _{12}$O$ _6$ ==> 2(CH$ _3$CH$ _2$OH) + 2(CO$ _2$) 
Sugar ==> Alcohol + Carbon dioxide gas. 
The most important type of fermentation is alcoholic fermentation, in which the action of zymase secreted by yeast converts simple sugars, such as glucose and fructose, into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Multiple choice biology biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

Rennin used in cheese industry is a/an

  1. Antibiotic

  2. Enzyme

  3. Alkaloid

  4. Inhibitor
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Chymosin, known also as rennin, is a proteolytic enzyme synthesized by chief cells in the stomach in young ruminants. Its role in digestion is to curdle or coagulate milk in the stomach, in the very young animal. Chymosin efficiently converts liquid milk to a semisolid like cottage cheese, allowing it to be retained for longer periods in the stomach. It is widely used in the production of cheese. 

Multiple choice biology biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

First fermented acid is

  1. Gluconic acid

  2. Lactic acid

  3. Fumaric acid

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Lactobacillus bacteria have the ability to convert sugars into lactic acid. The Lactobacillus strain is so named because it was first studied in milk ferments. These bacteria readily use lactose or other sugars and convert them quickly and easily to lactic acid.

Multiple choice biology biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

Which one of the following is used in industrial preparation of ethanol?

  1. Lactobacillus

  2. Azotobacter

  3. Penicillium

  4. Saccharomyces
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Yeast are simple unicellular organisms belonging to the Kingdom Fungi. The alcoholic fermentation is conducted by yeast of the genus Saccharomyces. The two common species involved are S. cerevisiae and S. bayanus. Saccharomyces converts the glucose, fructose and sucrose found in grape must and juice into ethanol via the process of fermentation. In fermentation, an organic compound, in this case acetaldehyde, serves as terminal electron acceptor. This leads to the production of ethanol.
Multiple choice biology biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

Vitamin ${B} _{12}$ is formed during fermentation of

  1. Ashbya gossypii

  2. Rhizopus stolonifer

  3. Propionibacteria

  4. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Vitamin B$ _{12}$ is one of the important vitamins of B complex group. It is also known as cobalamin or cobamide. 
Direct fermentation employing Bacillus megaterium, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Propionibacterium shermanii and Pseudomonas is used for commercial production of vitamin B$ _{12}$. 
Multiple choice biology biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used in the formation of

  1. Ethanol

  2. Methanol

  3. Acetic acid

  4. Antibiotics
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

S. cerevisiae is known for its role in food production. It is the critical component in the fermentation process that converts sugar into ethyl alcohol (ethanol), an ingredient shared in beer, wine and distilled beverages. It is also used in the baking process as a leavening agent; yeast releasing gas into their environment results in the spongy-like texture of breads and cakes. 

Multiple choice biology biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

Which of the following is used to manufacture ethanol from starch?

  1. Penicillin

  2. Saccharomyces

  3. Azotobactor

  4. Lactobacillus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

S. cerevisiae is known for its role in food production. It is the critical component in the fermentation process that converts sugar into ethyl alcohol (ethanol), an ingredient shared in beer, wine and distilled beverages. It is also used in the baking process as a leavening agent; yeast releasing gas into their environment results in the spongy-like texture of breads and cakes. 

Multiple choice biology biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

During the formation of bread, it becomes porous due to release of CO$ _{2}$ by the action of

  1. Yeast

  2. Bacteria

  3. Virus

  4. Protozoan
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In a bread dough, where the oxygen supply is limited, the yeast can only partially breakdown the sugar. Alcohol and carbon dioxide are produced in this process known as alcoholic fermentation. The carbon dioxide produced in these reactions causes the dough to rise, and the alcohol produced mostly evaporates from the dough during the baking process. During fermentation, each yeast cell forms a centre around which carbon dioxide bubbles form. Thousands of tiny bubbles, each surrounded by a thin film of gluten form cells inside the dough piece. The increase in dough size occurs as these cells fill with gas.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.