Tag: effect on general health

A balanced diet is one which provides all the nutrients in the required amounts and proper proportions. A balanced diet should provide around 50-60% of total calories from carbohydrates, preferably from complex carbohydrates, about 10-15% from proteins and 20-30% from both visible and invisible fat.

A balanced diet is one which provides all the nutrients in required amounts and proper proportions. A balanced diet should provide around 50-60% of total calories from carbohydrates, preferably from complex carbohydrates, about 10-15% from proteins and 20-30% from both visible and invisible fat.

Our body relies on vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, protein and fat for many functions, including growth and development. While healthy eating habits are particularly important for infants and children, whose bodies are still growing, adults rely on nutrients for cell growth, lean tissue development and overall good health. So, the correct option is 'True'.

The linking of two amino acids is accompanied by the loss of a molecule of water. A series of amino acids joined by peptide bonds form a polypeptide chain, and each amino acid unit in a polypeptide is called a residue.

1. A conjugated protein is a protein that functions in interaction with other (non-polypeptide) chemical groups attached by covalent bonding or weak interactions. Some examples of conjugated proteins are lipoproteins, glycoproteins, metalloproteins etc.
2.  Haemoglobin is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of almost all vertebrates as well as the tissues of some invertebrates. 
3. Haemoglobin contains the prosthetic group known as heme. Each heme group contains an iron ion ($Fe^{2+}$) which forms a coordinate bond with an oxygen molecule ($O _2$), allowing haemoglobin to transport oxygen through the bloodstream. As each of the four protein subunits of haemoglobin possesses its own prosthetic heme group, each haemoglobin can transport four molecules of oxygen. Hence, the example of the conjugated protein is haemoglobin.
   

(a) Simple proteins:-  On hydrolysis they yield only the amino acids and occasional small carbohydrate compounds. Examples are: albumins, globulins, glutelins, albuminoids, histones and protamines.

When the body does not require glucose, it is stored in the form of glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscles. If the glycogen reservoirs are full, glucose is converted to fat and stored in the form of fats in various parts of the body as adipose cells. 

Kwashiorkor is caused by severe protein deficiency. Albumin is the primary plasma protein responsible for maintaining oncotic pressure; its reduced synthesis leads to fluid leakage into tissues, causing edema.

Protein-energy malnutrition is also called marasmus which is mainly observed in infants and children of age around 5 years old. The skin of the child becomes dry, thin and wrinkled, a deficiency also impairs growth and replacement of tissue, the body becomes thin and mental retardation is observed.