Tag: digestive system - organs

Lactase is a brush-border enzyme located in the small intestine that breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose.

Pancreatic juice is liquid secetrted by pancreas . It is alkaline in nature and it has following enzymes lipase, for digesting fats, amylase for digesting starch, trypsinogen for digesting proteins.

1. Amino acids and proteins are the building blocks of life. Amino acids are organic compounds that combine to form proteins.
2.  When proteins are digested or broken down, amino acids are left. Zymogenic cell or peptic cell in the stomach that releases pepsinogen and chymosin. 
3. This inactive pepsinogen, on exposure to hydrochloric acid, gets converted to the active enzyme pepsin.
4.  Pepsin is produced in the stomach and is one of the main digestive enzymes, which helps in digestion of the proteins to polypeptide chains. The end product of protein is it must be broken down into amino acids. Hence, the end product of protein digestion is amino acids.

Enteropeptidase is an enzyme produced by the cells of the duodenum and is involved in the digestion in humans and other animals. Enteropeptidase converts trypsinogen (a zymogen) into its active form trypsin, resulting in the subsequent activation of pancreatic digestive enzymes

Parietal cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factor. Parietal glands also secrete pepsinogen to which hydrochloric acid acts to convert it into pepsin. Pepsin in return causes digestion of protein. If parietal cells become non-functional, it will directly affect protein digestion. So, the correct answer is (d).

• The pancreatic enzymes and intestinal enzymes are optimally active in alkaline pH (8.0-8.4) in the small intestine.
  
• Thus, the acidic food from stomach is made alkaline by the action of bile.
• Bile is alkaline in nature as it contains organic salt known as bile salt.

The large intestine is responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from the remaining undigested material. If chyme is pushed backwards, it moves into the large intestine.

The caecum is the first part of the large intestine where undigested food material enters from the small intestine and begins to be processed into faeces.