Tag: non infectious diseases

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Questions Related to non infectious diseases

Multiple choice biology health and diseases non-infectious diseases non infectious diseases categories of diseases

Cigarette smoke contains the carcinogen

  1. N-nitrosodimethylene

  2. Aflatoxin

  3. Vinyl chloride

  4. Diethylstilbestrol
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A carcinogen is any substance or radiation that promotes carcinogenesis, the formation of cancer.  Carcinogens may increase the risk of cancer by altering cellular metabolism or damaging DNA directly in cells. N-nitrosodimethylene causes liver cancer, whereas some of the tobacco-specific nitrosamines cause lung cancer. Volatile N-nitrosamines induce tumours in a variety of human organs, including the tongue, oesophagus, lung, pancreas, liver, kidney and bladder. 

So, the correct answer is 'N-nitrosodimethylene'.

Multiple choice biology health and diseases non-infectious diseases non infectious diseases categories of diseases

Cancerous cells spread through

  1. Blood

  2. Lymph

  3. Secondary growths of malignant tumour

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Cancerous cells spread to other parts of the body as it is able to break away from the original (primary) tumour and get into the bloodstream or lymph system, which can carry them to another part of the body. Cancerous cells also spread through metastasis. Metastasis is the development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from a primary site of cancer. When tumour cells metastasize, the new tumour is called a secondary or a metastatic tumour, and its cells are similar to those in the original or primary tumour.

So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Multiple choice biology health and diseases non-infectious diseases non infectious diseases categories of diseases

Assertion : Dye workers generally suffer from bladder cancer.

Reason : These are more exposed to a carcinogenic chemical benzpyrene.

  1. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

  2. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

  3. If assertion is true but reason is false.

  4. If the assertion and reason both are false.

  5. If assertion is false but reason is true.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Dye workers are indeed at higher risk for bladder cancer due to exposure to aromatic amines (like benzidine or naphthylamine). However, benzpyrene is primarily associated with tobacco smoke and combustion, not specifically the dyes used in the industry.

Multiple choice biology health and diseases non-infectious diseases non infectious diseases categories of diseases

Cervical cancer is caused by 

  1. Chlamydia

  2. Human Papillomavirus

  3. Herpes Simplex Virus

  4. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Cervical cancer is cancer arising from the cervix. It is due to the abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. It is caused by Human Papillomavirus
  • Initially, no symptoms are seen. Later symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, or pain during sexual intercourse.
  • Hence Cervical cancer is caused by Human Papillomavirus.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Human Papillomavirus'.
Multiple choice biology health and diseases non-infectious diseases non infectious diseases categories of diseases

Nuclear leakage is 

  1. Carcinogenic

  2. Immunosuppressent

  3. Autoimmunising

  4. Infectious
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In nuclear leakage, apart from the damage caused by fires and explosions, accidents also release radioactive materials which can cause radiation sickness. The radiation possesses carcinogenic potential. It will induce cancer in tissues of most species at all ages including the fetus. Nuclear waste is hazardous for tens of thousands of years.

So, the correct answer is 'Carcinogenic'.

Multiple choice biology health and diseases non-infectious diseases non infectious diseases categories of diseases

Excessive exposure of humans to UV-rays results in
(i) Damage to immune system
(ii) Damage to lungs
(iii) Skin cancer
(iv) Peptic ulcers

  1. (i) and (ii)

  2. (ii) and (iv)

  3. (i) and (iii)

  4. (iii) and (iv)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

According to World health organisation, prolonged human exposure to solar UV radiation may result in acute and chronic health effects on the skin, eye and immune system. 

Sunburn (erythema) is the best-known acute effect of excessive UV radiation exposure. Over the longer term, UV radiation induces degenerative changes in cells of the skin, fibrous tissue and blood vessels leading to premature skin aging, photodermatoses and actinic keratoses. 
Another long-term effect is an inflammatory reaction of the eye. In the most serious cases, skin cancer and cataracts can occur. 
Furthermore, a growing body of evidence suggests that environmental levels of UV radiation may suppress cell-mediated immunity and thereby enhance the risk of infectious diseases and limit the efficacy of vaccinations. Both of these act against the health of poor and vulnerable groups, especially children of the developing world. Many developing countries are located close to the equator and hence, people are exposed to the very high levels of UV radiation that occur in these regions.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology health and diseases non-infectious diseases non infectious diseases categories of diseases

Cancer is caused due to activation of ......to .......and /or inactivation of

  1. Oncogene,tumour suppressor gene,protooncogene

  2. Tumour suppressor gene,oncogene protooncogene

  3. Protooncogene ,oncogene,tumour suppressor gene

  4. Oncogene,protooncogene,tumour suppressor gene
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that could become an oncogene due to mutations and cancer. Proto-oncogenes code for proteins that help to regulate cell growth and differentiation. A tumour suppressor gene or antioncogene is a gene that protects a cell from one step on the path to cancer. Cancer develops due to inactivation of a tumour suppressor gene.

So, the correct answer is 'Protooncogene, oncogene, tumour suppressor gene'.

Multiple choice biology health and diseases non-infectious diseases non infectious diseases categories of diseases

2-naphthylamine and 4-aminobiphenyl cause 

  1. Lung cancer

  2. Liver cancer

  3. Prostate cancer

  4. Urinary bladder cancer
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Bladder cancer is any of several types of cancer arising from the tissues of the urinary bladder. Symptoms include blood in the urine, pain with urination, and low back pain. Thirty per cent of bladder tumours probably results from occupational exposure in the workplace to carcinogens such as benzidine. 2-Naphthylamine and 4-aminobiphenyl which is found in cigarette smoke and has shown to increase bladder cancer risk.

So, the correct answer is 'Urinary bladder cancer'. 

Multiple choice biology health and diseases non-infectious diseases non infectious diseases categories of diseases

Which of the following statements in not true for cancer cells in relation to mutations :-

  1. Mutations inhibits production of telomerase

  2. Mutations in proto-oncogenes accelerate the cell cycle

  3. Mutations destroy telomerase inhibitor

  4. Mutations inactivate the cell control
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cancer cells typically maintain or increase telomerase activity to achieve immortality, allowing them to divide indefinitely. Inhibiting telomerase production would stop cancer cell proliferation, not promote it.

Multiple choice biology health and diseases non-infectious diseases non infectious diseases categories of diseases

Which of the following can cause cancer as well as cure it, depending upon its intensity and use?

  1. Chemicals

  2. Tobacco

  3. Ionised radiations

  4. Ultra-violet rays
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Beams of ionised radiations could be used to destroy tumours. The drug molecules are injected into the bloodstream and then "switched on" by shining ionised radiations on the part of the body where they are needed. Because these molecules only work when bathed in light, doctors are able to use ionised radiations to ensure that only the drugs embedded near the tumour are switched on. By damaging the skin's cellular DNA, excessive ionised radiations produces genetic mutations that can lead to skin cancer. Ionised radiations is considered the main cause of non-melanoma skin cancers, including basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.