Tag: biotechnology: principles and processes

Questions Related to biotechnology: principles and processes

Select the incorrect Statement regarding DNA replication with respect to the template strand

botany biotechnology: principles and processes manipulation of dna electrophoresis isolation and separation of dna

  1. Leading strand is formed in 5 $\rightarrow$ 3 direction.

  2. Okazaki fragments are formed in 5 $\rightarrow$ 3 direction.

  3. DNA polymerase catalyses polymerisation in 5 $\rightarrow$ 3 direction.

  4. DNA polymerase catalyses palymerisation in 3 $\rightarrow$ 5 direction.

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Since DNA polymerase requires a free 3' OH group for initiation of synthesis, it can synthesize in only one direction by extending the 3' end of the preexisting nucleotide chain. Hence, DNA polymerasemoves along the template strand in a 3'–5' direction, and the daughter strand is formed in a 5'–3' direction.

So, the correct answer is 'DNA polymerase catalyses polymerisation in 5 
→→ 3 direction'

The sequence of strategies involved in the isolation of a gene of interest from a plant cell during the process of rDNA technology

botany biotechnology: principles and processes manipulation of dna electrophoresis isolation and separation of dna

  1. Dissolution of biological membrane

  2. Enzymatic digestion of cell wall

  3. Precipitation of DNA

  4. Removal of DNA by spoiling

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Isolation of the Genetic Material (DNA):

Nucleic acid is the genetic material, which is present in all living organisms. In majority of organisms, this is present in the form of deoxy-ribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA must be present into pure form, i.e., free from other macro-molecules (like proteins, RNA, enzymes, etc.) in order to cut the DNA with restrictor enzymes.

Isolation of genetic material (DNA) is carried out in the following steps:

(a) Since the DNA is enclosed within the membranes, so, in order to release DNA along with other macro-molecules such as proteins, polysaccharides and lipids, bacterial cells/plant or animal tissues are treated with the enzyme lysozyme (bacteria), cellulose (plant cells), chitinase (fungus), respectively.

(b) RNA can be removed by the treatment with ribonuclease, whereas proteins can be removed by the treatment with protease.

(c) Other molecules can be removed by appropriate treatments and ultimately purified DNA will precipitate out, after the addition of chilled ethanol. This can be seen as collection of fine threads in the suspension.

So, the correct answer is “Precipitation of DNA”.

During the process of isolation of DNA, chilled ethanol is added to

botany biotechnology: principles and processes manipulation of dna electrophoresis isolation and separation of dna

  1. Break open the cell to release DNA

  2. Facilitate action of restriction enzymes

  3. Remove proteins such as histones

  4. Precipitate DNA

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Correct Option: D

The first Nif genes were isolated from __________________.

botany biotechnology: principles and processes manipulation of dna electrophoresis isolation and separation of dna

  1. Klebsiella aerogenes

  2. Klebsiella oxytoa

  3. Klebsiella pneumonia

  4. Klebsiella granulonatis

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Correct Option: C

Insect-resistant transgenic cotton has been produced by inserting a piece of DNA from.

botany biotechnology: principles and processes manipulation of dna electrophoresis isolation and separation of dna

  1. An insect

  2. A bacterium

  3. A wild relative of cotton

  4. A virus

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Correct Option: A

One strand of the given DNA segment codes for mRNA having the sequence AUC GCG UCA for the synthesis of protein. Which DNA strand is responsible for the above mRNA sequence ________________.

botany biotechnology: principles and processes manipulation of dna electrophoresis isolation and separation of dna

  1. ATC-TAG

    GCC-GGC

    ATU-TAG

  2. TAG-ATC

    CGC-GCG

    AGT-TCA

  3. TGA-ACT

    CGC-GCG

    TAG-ATC

  4. AGA-TCT

    GCG-CGC

    GAT-CTA

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Correct Option: A

A technique utilized by a group of biologists to isolate an antifreeze gene found in cold water species of fish and introduce it into the genome of a different organism is called as 

botany biotechnology: principles and processes manipulation of dna electrophoresis isolation and separation of dna

  1. Cloning

  2. Artificial selection

  3. Selective breeding

  4. Genetic engineering

  5. Sexual recombination

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Genetic engineering is the branch of science which deals with the modification of genes. The desired genes is isolated from the host like the gene for antifreeze protein and are inserted into the vectors. The vectors carries the foreign gene into the desired organism like the fish and then the gene gets introduced into the genome of fish, resulting in the production of the protein.
Thus, the correct answer is option 'Genetic engineering'.