Tag: biotechnology and its application

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Questions Related to biotechnology and its application

Multiple choice botany biotechnology: principles and processes downstream processing biotechnology biotechnology and its application

Which of the following is not component of downstream processing ____________.

  1. Expression

  2. Separation

  3. Purification

  4. Presentation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Downstream processing involves the recovery, purification, and packaging of the product after fermentation. Expression is the process that occurs during the upstream phase (fermentation/cultivation).

Multiple choice botany biotechnology: principles and processes downstream processing biotechnology biotechnology and its application

Which is not one of the major categories of biotechnology products ?

  1. Hormones and similar proteins

  2. Toxins for use in pest control

  3. DNA probes

  4. Vaccines
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Biotechnology involves the exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes, especially the genetic manipulation of microorganisms for the production of antibiotics, hormones, vaccines etc. It also involves various other methods involving production, amplification of DNA segments like DNA probe. 

Instead of production of toxins for use in pest control, biotechnology involves making plants resistant against pest by genetically engineering their genome. 
So, the correct option is 'Toxins for use in pest control'.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology: principles and processes downstream processing biotechnology biotechnology and its application

Which of the following is not a component of downstreaming processing?

  1. Separation

  2. Purification

  3. Preservation

  4. Expression
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
A widely recognized heuristic for categorizing downstream processing operations divides them into four groups which are applied in order to bring a product from its natural state as a component of a tissue, cell or fermentation broth through progressive improvements in purity and concentration.

Removal of insolubles is the first step and involves the capture of the product as a solute in a particulate-free liquid, for example the separation of cells, cell debris or other particulate matter from fermentation broth containing an antibiotic. Typical operations to achieve this are filtration, centrifugation, sedimentation, precipitation, flocculation, electro-precipitation, and gravity settling. Additional operations such as grinding, homogenization, or leaching, required to recover products from solid sources such as plant and animal tissues, are usually included in this group.

Product isolation is the removal of those components whose properties vary considerably from that of the desired product. For most products, water is the chief impurity and isolation steps are designed to remove most of it, reducing the volume of material to be handled and concentrating the product. Solvent extraction, adsorption, ultrafiltration, and precipitation are some of the unit operations involved.

Product purification is done to separate those contaminants that resemble the product very closely in physical and chemical properties. Consequently steps in this stage are expensive to carry out and require sensitive and sophisticated equipment. This stage contributes a significant fraction of the entire downstream processing expenditure. Examples of operations include affinity, size exclusion, reversed phase chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, crystallization and fractional precipitation.

Product polishing describes the final processing steps which end with packaging of the product in a form that is stable, easily transportable and convenient. Crystallization, desiccation, lyophilization and spray drying are typical unit operations. Depending on the product and its intended use, polishing may also include operations to sterilize the product and remove or deactivate trace contaminants which might compromise product safety. Such operations might include the removal of viruses or depyrogenation.

So the correct option is 'Expression'.
Multiple choice botany biotechnology: principles and processes downstream processing biotechnology biotechnology and its application

Which among these is produced by distillation of fermented broth?

(i) Whisky (ii) Wine (iii) Beer (iv) Rum (v) Brandy

  1. (ii) and (iii) alone

  2. (i) and (ii) alone

  3. (iii) and (v) alone

  4. (i), (iv) and (v) alone

  5. (iii) and (iv) alone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Both wine and beer are essentially the products of the fermentation process - the fermented broth serves as the basis of the product. Other alcoholic beverages (whisky, rum, brandy) fall under the category of distilled spirits. Distillation is the process by which the alcohol is removed from the fermented broth (or wort) by heating the wort until the alcohol vaporizes, after which it is condensed. When almost pure alcohol is distilled from fermentation, the product is called as grain neutral spirits (GNS). 

Multiple choice botany biotechnology: principles and processes downstream processing biotechnology biotechnology and its application

Which of the following recent techniques is used for separating fragments of DNA?

  1. Eastern blotting

  2. Northern blotting

  3. Southern blotting

  4. Western blotting
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Southern blotting involves DNA digestion, Gel electrophoresis, Blotting, Probe labeling, Hybridization and washing, and detection.

So, the correct option is 'Southern blotting'.

Multiple choice transgenic organisms biotechnology and its applications biotechnology and its application biology

Which one of the following bacteria is used for production of transgenic plants?

  1. Escherichia coli

  2. Bacillus subtilis

  3. Staphylococcus aureus

  4. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Agrobacterium tumefacians is used for the production of transgenic plants as it carries a plasmid capable of inducing tumors in plants. These tumors can be artificially induced by transferring the gene into a plant which otherwise is not prone to infection, where the plasmid is genetically engineered for inserting a particular gene, for example, the transfer of delta endotoxin and npt II gene, from Bacillus thuringiensis, in commercially useful plants like cotton to protect it from its predator, the gall worm

So, the correct answer is 'Agrobacterium tumefaciens'

Multiple choice transgenic organisms biotechnology and its applications biotechnology and its application biology

The process of reduction of pollution by use of organisms is called as

  1. Biotechnology

  2. Bioremediation

  3. Bioneutralizer

  4. Biopurifier
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Bio-remediation is a waste management technique that involves the use of organisms to remove or neutralize pollutants from a contaminated site. Bio-remediation is a treatment that uses naturally occurring organisms to break down hazardous substances into less toxic or non toxic substances. 

Multiple choice transgenic organisms biotechnology and its applications biotechnology and its application biology

The genetically modified crops are known as 

  1. Transgenic species

  2. Transgenic plants

  3. Transgenic wildlife

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A transgenic crop plant contains a gene or genes which have been artificially inserted instead of the plant acquiring them through pollination. The inserted gene sequence (known as the transgene) may come from another unrelated plant, or from a completely different species: transgenic Bt corn, for example, which produces its own insecticide, contains a gene from a bacterium.