Tag: civics

The Chauri Chaura incident occurred in the Gorakhpur district of the United Province on 5th Feb, 1922. A large group of protesters clashed with the police and in retaliation to the firing by police, set fire to a police station killing all the policemen inside. Upset with the incident due to violence involved, Gandhiji called a halt to the Non-Cooperation movement.

This movement marked the first major anti-British reaction and its new political order initiated in 1849 among the people in Punjab in 1857. The Namdhari Movement, the aftermath of the Kuka Movement was the most important phase as it aimed at overthrowing the British rule and played important role in freedom struggle. This movement actively propagated the principles of boycott and non-co-operation given by Sant Guru Ram Singh (founded the Namdhari sect) for the Namdharis. Guru’s Non-co-operation Movement actively propagated few things such as the boycott of education institutions of British and laws established by them.

Congress held a special session in Calcutta in September 1920 under the presidentship of Lala Lajpat Rai. It met to pass the resolution of the Non-Cooperation Movement. Mahatma Gandhi wrongly predicted that if the Non-cooperation movement gets successful, Swaraj could be attained in One year. 

Rowlatt Act allowed certain political cases to be tried without juries and permitted imprisonment of suspects without trial. It was passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in February 1919. Gandhi organized a hartal, a form of protest through non-violence by the stoppage of work on 6th Aprill,1919.

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre was the incident in which British troops fired on a large crowd of unarmed Indians in Amritsar killing several hundred people and wounding many hundreds more. On 13 April 1919, thousands of people were gathered at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar. General Dyer arrived there with armed troops and ordered ruthless firing on the uninformed crowd. 

Congress held a special session in Calcutta in September 1920 under the presidentship of Lala Lajpat Rai. It met to pass the resolution of the Non-Cooperation Movement. Mahatma Gandhi wrongly predicted that if the Non-cooperation movement gets successful, Swaraj could be attained in One year. 

Jawaharlal Nehru was a strong supporter of the Non-cooperation movement. C.R. Das, Madan Mohan Malaviya, and Annie Besant were among those who initially expressed reservations or opposition to the resolution.

Khilafat Movement was organized by the Ali brothers- Shaukat and Muḥammad Ali to protest against the injustice done to Turkey. It was an agitation by Indian Muslims, allied with Indian nationalists, to pressure the British government to preserve the authority of the Ottoman Sultan as Caliph of Islam after World War I. In early 1919 a Khilafat Committee which demanded that the Khalifa’s control over Muslim sacred places be restored and he should be left with sufficient territories.

Swaraj Party was an Indian political party established in late 1922–early 1923 by members of the Indian National Congress (Congress Party), notably Motilal Nehru and CR Das. Their first session was held at the residence of Motilal Nehru in Allahabad. They were among the pro changes who wanted to contest in the elections. Many candidates of the Swaraj Party got elected to the central legislative assembly and provincial legislative council in the 1923 elections where they opposed the unjust government policies.

Non-cooperation movement was a movement organized by Mahatma Gandhi, to induce the British government of India to grant self-government, or swaraj, to India. The movement was suspended in February 1922 on account of Chauri Chaura incident. In Chauri Chaura, Uttar Pradesh, a violent mob set fire to a police station killing 22 policemen during a clash between the police and protesters of the movement. Gandhi decided to discontinue the movement as the principle of ahimsa or nonviolence was violated and the Congress Working Committee met at Bardoli on 12th February 1922 to suspend the mass movement.