Tag: civics

Britain had an all party government headed by Winston Churchill. Winston Churchill was an inspirational statesman , writer, orator and leader who led Britain to victory in the Second World War. He served as Conservative Prime Minister twice - from 1940 to 1945 and from 1951 to 1955. Churchill , who also adopted the self - created position of Minister for Defence , was active both in administrative and diplomatic functions in prosecuting the British was effort. Some of his most memorable speeches were given in this period, and are credited with stimulating British morale during periods of great hardship.

The Government of India act was  passed by British Parliament in August  1935. With 321 sections and 10 schedules, this was the longest act passed by British Parliament so far and was later split into two parts viz. Government of India Act 1935 and Government of Burma Act 1935. The Government of India Act 1935 derived material from four key sources viz. Report of the Simon Commission , discussions at the Third Round Table Conference , the White paper of 1933 and the reports of the Joint select committees. The act ended the system of dyarchy introduced by GOI Act 1919 and provided for establishment of a Federation of India to be made up of provinces of British India and some or all of the Princely states.

• In 1937 Congress win eight out of eleven provinces of British India. Congress decided to contest the elections to the assembles in the provinces under the new Act of 1935. In the elections, Congress obtained an overwhelming majority in most of the provinces. Congress ministeries were formed in July 1937 in several provinces, including the United Provinces , Madras , the Central Provinces , Bombay , Bihar , Orissa and after sometime in the North - West Frontier Provinces. It also formed coalition ministries in Sind and Assam. Only Bengal and Punjab had non - congress ministries.
  

Cripps came to India in March 1942. Cripps Mission was sent by the British Government in March 1942 to India with key objective to secure Indian cooperation and support for British War Efforts. Headed by Sir Stafford Cripps, this mission sought to negotiate an agreement with Indian Leaders.

On March 11, 1942, the British Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill made an announcement in the House of Commons that a member of the War Cabinet, Sir Stafford Cripps, would go to India " to satisfy himself upon the spot by personal consultation that the declaration upon which we agreed, and which we believe represents a just and final solution, will achieve its purposes, Sir Stafford Cripps was a socialist.

The Cripps plan did not include the creation of Pakistan. The proposal of the Cripps mission was " India would be a dominion associated with the United kingdom". It promised that immediately after the war is stopped, steps would be taken up to set up an elected body charged with the task of making the constitution for India and provision would be made so that the Indian states could participate in the framing of the constitution.

The Quit India Movement is also known as the August Revolution. The August Revolution was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee by Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August 1942, during World War II, demanding an end to British Rule of India.

The leader of the Satara Parallel government was "Kratisimha" Nana Patil, who later joined the Communist party and was elected to the Lok Sabha on the CPI ticket from Satara in 1957 and again from Beed in 1967. British rule was effectively overthrown in large parts of Satara district of Western Maharashtra during those three years. The Parallel government movement was a guerrilla type of struggle , and it operated in over 150 villages with solid peasant support. There were raids on taluka treasuries and armouries. The Prati Sarkar took over many of the functions of the government. The parallel government established many public utilities like a market system , supply and distribution of food - grains and a judicial system to settle disputes and penalise dacoits and robbers, pawnbrokers and money lenders.

The Quit India movement was started in August 1942 during the Second World War against the British rule. Gandhi called for 'Do or Die' during this movement. Shortly after the launch of the movement, many leaders of the Indian National Congress were arrested by the British Government. Disorderly and non-violent demonstrations took place throughout the country in the following days.