Tag: political science

In India, the Panchayati Raj generally refers to the system of local self-government in India introduced by a constitutional amendment in 1992, although it is based upon the traditional panchayat system of the Indian subcontinent. This Panchayati Raj system was formalized in 1992, following a study conducted by a number of Indian committees on various ways of implementing more decentralized administration. It also keeps an eye on the elected representatives and in making them responsible to the persons who elected them. Hence, Option A is correct. The rest of the factors are not the main aim of the function of Panchayati Raj, hence, incorrect. 

• On basis of decentralization, three-tier Panchayat Raj system has been introduced.
  
• When power is taken away from central and state governments and given to local government, it is called decentralization.
  
• Decentralisation of powers is the sharing of powers among local self-governing bodies. It helps in proper functioning of government and can be reached to even remote parts of the country.
  

• Under Panchayat Raj system the lowest unit is gram Sabha.
  
• A Gram Sabha consists of members that include every adult of the village. It is generally formed in villages with population at least exceeding 1500 people.
  

A Gram Panchayat is the cornerstone of a local self-government organization in India of the Panchayati Raj system at the village or small town level and has a sarpanch as its elected head. Gram Sabha consists of the entire adult with age above 18 members of a village or a cluster of villages. It is generally formed in villages with the population at least exceeding 1500 people.

Article  40 of the Constitution which enshrines one of the Directive Principles of State Policy lays down that the State shall take steps to organize village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government. In the light of the experience in the last forty years and in view of the shortcomings which have been observed, it is considered that there is an imperative need to enshrine in the Constitution certain basic and essential features of Panchayati  Raj Institutions to impart certainty, continuity, and strength to them.

In 1989 the central government introduced two constitutional amendments. Later in 1992, the 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments were passed by the parliament. The 73rd amendment is about rural local government which is also known as Panchyati Raj Institutions and the 74th amendment made the provisions related to urban local govt known as Nagarpalikas. The 73rd and 74th amendments came into force in 1993.

The minimum age limit for a person to be a member of the Panchayat Samiti is 21 years. It is the local government body at the tahsil level in the India. It joints between the Gram Panchayat and Zilla Parishad. It is called as Mandal Panchayat in Karnataka and Taluka Panchayat in Gujarat.

It is the second layer of the three-tier Panchayat system. It’s member elected for five years. The members are all the pradhans of the Gram Panchayat within the block area.

Local Governance in India has been formalized under the Panchayati Raj System since 1992. The Panchayati Raj system is a three-tier system with elected bodies at the village, taluka and district levels.

The Zila Panchayat or District Council or Zilla Parishad or District Panchayat is the third tier of the Panchayati Raj system. Zila Parishad is an elected body. 

Democratic decentralization covers a system of governance in which citizens of any locality possess the right to hold local public officials accountable through various democratic means.