Tag: political science

India conducted its nuclear tests in Pokharan. Pokharan is located in Jaisalmer district of Indian state of Rajasthan. The first nuclear test was conducted on 18 May 1974 in Pokharan.

The nuclear arms race was a competition for supremacy in nuclear warfare between the United States, the Soviet Union, and their respective allies during the Cold War. During this period, in addition to the American and Soviet nuclear stockpiles, other countries developed nuclear weapons, though none engaged in warhead production on nearly the same scale as the two superpowers.

• The first explosion of an atomic device was carried out in the state of Rajasthan. The code name of India’s first nuclear bomb test was 'Smiling Buddha'.
  
• It was detonated on 18^th may 1974 in the army base of Pokhran test range in Rajasthan.
  

NATO stands for The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. It was established in the year 1949. It's headquarter is located in Brussels, Belgium. Unlike NPT, SALT, and CTBT, NATO is not related to disarmament. Its main purpose is to safeguard the freedom and securities of its member countries.

The aim of disarmament is:-

The Radiation Effects Research Foundation  gives a range of 90,000-140,000 1945 deaths at Hiroshima out of a population of 310,000. The Hiroshima Peace Site website gives a figure of 140,000 deaths by December 1945, out of a population of 350,000.

• The Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT has three pillars :  
  

1. Nuclear Disarmament: Includes disarmament and dismantling military nuclear programs.
2. Non-proliferation: Non nuclear weapon states agree to avoid developing nuclear technology while NWS agree not to spread the technology.
3. Peaceful Uses Of Nuclear Technology : Using nuclear energy for peaceful purposes and not for war and its nuances. 
   

Three days after the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, a second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki on August 9 – a 21-kiloton plutonium device known as Fat Man. On the day of the bombing, an estimated 263,000 were in Nagasaki, including 240,000 Japanese residents, 9,000 Japanese soldiers, and 400 prisoners of war. Prior to August 9, Nagasaki had been the target of small scale bombing by the United States.

The effects of testing and piling of nuclear weapons are as follows:-

In order to become a party to the NPT, India would need to join the treaty as a Non Nuclear Weapon State for which it would have to eliminate its nuclear arsenal. The NPT only recognises five countries as NWS. It would also have to accept IAEA safeguards.