Tag: lipids

Saturated fatty acids have single bond and are solid at room temperature. Hydrogenation is the process which involves the addition of hydrogen in the presence of nickel, palladium or platinum. On addition of hydrogen, the double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids are reduced to saturated fatty acid. Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid as it has single carbon bonds. It has eighteen carbon with chemical formula of  C$ _{18}$H$ _{36}$O$ _2$. It can be produced by saponification of the triglycerides.

Arachidonic acid contains 20 carbon. it is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid found in phospholipid of the membrane of cells liver, brain, and muscles.

Unsaturated fat is a fat or fatty acid in which there is one or more double bond in the fatty acid chain. A fat molecule is monounsaturated if it contains one double bond, and polyunsaturated if it contains two or more double bonds.

Answer is option A i.e. "Polysaturated"
Fats are one of the main macro-nutrients. Fats serve both structural and metabolic functions. There are four types of fats: saturated, monounsaturated, trans and polyunsaturated.
1) Saturated fats have no double bonds between the carbons in the chain.
2) Monounsaturated fats have one double bonded carbon in the chain
3) Polyunsaturated fats have multiple double bonds.
4) Trans fats are types of unsaturated fats formed by hydrogenation of oils.

Linolenic acid 18 carbon containing unsaturated fatty acid with three double bonds. It is found in plants and required in the formation of prostaglandin.

Fatty acids are of two types based on the single and double bonds in their hydrocarbon chain. The saturated fatty acids have only single bonds in their hydrocarbon chain. These are mostly obtained from an animal source. They exist as solids at room temperature. The unsaturated fatty acids have both the single and double bonds in their hydrocarbon chain. These are mostly derived from plant sources. They exist as a liquid at room temperature.

Flaxseed oil contains alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a form of omega-3 fatty acid that is only converted in small amounts to active forms of omega-3, like EPA and DHA. It is high in Omega-3 Fatty Acids.

Fatty acids with no carbon-carbon double bonds are said to be saturated those with at least one double bonds are unsaturated. Unsaturated fatty acids with more than one carbon-carbon double bond are referred to as polyunsaturated. Two essential polyunsaturated fatty acids are linoleic acid made up of 18 carbon atoms and having 2 double bonds and linolenic acid made up of 18 carbon atoms and having three double bonds. They cannot be synthesized by mammals and must be supplied in their diet. Arachidonic acid is made up of 20 carbon atoms and has four double bonds.

The wall of the mature pollen grain is stratified. It comprises two principal layers the internal layer is called as intine and the outer layer is called as exine. The intine is pecto-cellulosic in nature. The exine is chiefly composed of a class of material called as sporopollenin. Chemical analysis has revealed that it is a mixture of biopolymers, containing long chain fatty acids, phenylpropanoids, phenolic compounds and carotenoids. It is derived from carotenoids by oxidative polymerization. Sporopollenin is resistant to physical and biological decomposition. Because of this property, the pollen grain walls are often preserved for long periods in fossil deposits.