Tag: unit of living - cell

Questions Related to unit of living - cell

Select the correct order of the relationship, from simplest to most complex.

bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

  1. Cell - tissue - organ - organism

  2. Organism - organ - tissue - cell

  3. Cell - tissue - organism - organ

  4. Tissue - cell - organ - organism

  5. Tissue - organ - organism - cell

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The cell is the structural unit of organisms, a group of cells with common origin and function constitute tissue and assemblage of tissues with related function constitute organ. An organism has different organs to perform several functions. So, the correct answer is option A.

Identify P, Q and R from the information given.

P- A colourless liquid-like jelly substance
Q- Maintains the shape of a cell
R- Contains genetic information
P Q R
(A) Nucleus Cell wall Cytoplasm
(B) Cell wall Cytoplasm Nucleus
(C) Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell wall
(D) Cytoplasm Cell wall Nucleus
bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

  1. A

  2. B

  3. C

  4. D

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The label P refers to the cytoplasm which is the jelly-like matrix in the cell. This is colorless and composed majorly of water. 
The label Q is the cell wall which is responsible for maintaining the shape and integrity of the cell. 
The label R is the nucleus which acts as the controlling center of the cell. The genetic information in the form of DNA is present in the nucleus. 
Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Which cell organelles are present in both animal and plant cells?

bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

  1. Cell wall, Chromosomes, Cytoplasm, Chloroplasts

  2. Cell membrane, Chromosomes, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria

  3. Cell membrane, Chloroplast, Chromosomes, Cytoplasm

  4. Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Cell wall, Chromosomes

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

  • The plant and animal cells are eukaryotic and contain well developed cellular organelles. 
  • The cell membrane, cytoplasm, chromosomes, and mitochondria are the structures that are present in both the plant and the animal cells. 
  • The cell wall and chloroplast are present only in the plant cell. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Who differentiated prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

  1. Huxley

  2. Linnaeus

  3. Whittaker

  4. Dougherty

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • Dougherty in the year 1957 suggested that there exist fundamental differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
  • A eukaryotic cell consists of membrane-bound organelles and nucleus with its envelope-pore membrane complex whereas, they are absent in a prokaryotic cell.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Dougherty'.

Non-membranous organelle is

bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

  1. Chloroplast

  2. Nucleolus

  3. Centriole

  4. Both B and C

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
A. The chloroplast is a double-membrane bound organelle which contains chlorophyll (green pigment) and helps in photosynthesis.
B. The nucleolus is a small, dense and spherical structure (lacks membrane) present in the nucleus of the cell that is visible during the interphase of the cell division under the microscope.
C. Centrosomes are made up of 2 centrioles (lacks membrane) which are right angled to each other and is composed of a protein known as tubulin.
So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'.

Eukaryotes possess which of the following type of ribosomes?

bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

  1. 60 S

  2. 70 S

  3. 80 S

  4. Both B and C

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • Ribosomes are known as protein factories because they are the main site of protein synthesis. 
  • It is made up of two subunits-
  • Large subunits- join amino acids to form a polypeptide chain.
  • Small subunits- reads RNA.
  • In a eukaryotic cell, the ribosome present is an 80S type and the cellular organelles (mitochondria and chloroplasts) have 70S type 
  • It is made up of two subunits- a larger subunit 60S and a smaller subunit 40S.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'.

Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in the absence of

bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

  1. DNA

  2. Basic proteins

  3. Histones

  4. Both B and C

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
  • Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in the absence of histones.
  • A prokaryotic cell does not have complex histone proteins as present in the eukaryotic cell.
  • They instead have smaller, less complex, basic proteins called histone-like proteins.
  • HU is a folding protein which is abundantly found in the nucleoid.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Histones'.

Glyoxysomes occur in

bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

  1. Leaf cells

  2. Fatty seeds

  3. Roots

  4. Meristematic cells

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
  • Glyoxysomes are a type of peroxisomes found in plants and few filamentous fungi.
  • They are particularly found in fat storage tissues of germinating seeds (peanuts, soybeans etc.) in plants.
  • They contain enzymes (citrate synthase, isocitrate lyase and malate synthase etc.) which are responsible for beta-oxidation of fatty acids,
  • It helps in fatty acid oxidation, glyoxylate cycle and gluconeogenesis.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Fatty seeds'.

Reshma observes both plant and animal. Which organelle can be expected to see in both the cell?

bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

  1. Plastids

  2. Centrioles

  3. Mitochondria

  4. Central vacuole

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
  • Structurally, plant and animal cells are very similar because they are both eukaryotic cells.
  • The common characteristics in plant and animal cells are They both contain membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes. 
  • The mitochondrion is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms i.e both plant and animals.
  • Hence mitochondria is common in plant and animal cells.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Mitochondria'.

Cytoribosomes of eukaryotes are different from those of bacterial cells in having

bio-chemistry unit of living - cell eukaryotic cell kinds of cell introduction to eukaryotic cell

  1. Smaller size (70 S type)

  2. Larger size (80 S type)

  3. Differential chemical structure

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
  • Cytoribosomes of eucaryotes is different from those of bacterial cells in having a larger size.
  • Ribosomes are known as protein factories because they are the main site of protein synthesis. 
  • It is made up of two subunits-
  • Large subunits- join amino acids to form a polypeptide chain.
  • Small subunits- reads RNA.
  • In a prokaryotic cell, the ribosome is 70S type whereas, in a eukaryotic cell it is an 80S type.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Larger size (80 S type)'.