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Multiple choice evs seeds and seeds interdependencies among organisms hunting plant interdependence between plants and animals

Which of the following is an example of crustose lichen?

  1. Parmelia

  2. Cladonia

  3. Usnea

  4. Graphis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Crustose lichen forms a thin crust growing on or in the substrate, and which cannot be detached from it. They may be areolate (divided into islands by cracks in the thallus). An upper cortex protects the algal layer in the medulla beneath, and there is often a differently coloured ring of actively growing fungal hyphae round the margin (the prothallus). Graphis is a crustose lichen.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice evs seeds and seeds interdependencies among organisms hunting plant interdependence between plants and animals

Lichens are ecologically important because

  1. They are associated with mycorrhizal roots.

  2. They are association of algae and fungi.

  3. They are pioneers (earliest settlers on barren rocks) and pass xeric conditions successfully.

  4. They can grow in greatly polluted area.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Lichens are known as pioneer species, these can survive in places where higher plants finds it difficult to grow. Irrespective of the type of region, extremes in environmental conditions, mountainous terrains and high latitudes, lichens are good survivors. Besides these, the major ecological importance of the lichens are that these are poikilohydric. With little control over the status of hydration, these are able to tolerate irregular and even severe dessication. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice evs seeds and seeds interdependencies among organisms hunting plant interdependence between plants and animals

Select true statements.

  1. The whole surface of the lichen thallus helps absorption of water both in liquid and vapour form.

  2. In U.S.S.R. and Sweden, lichens were used in alcohol production because they contain the carbohydrate known as lichenin.

  3. Parmelia species are used as curry powder in India.

  4. All of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Parmelia is a genus of the family Parmeliaceae is a medium to large foliose lichens. These grow in a wide range of shapes and forms and is usually determined by the organization of the fungal filaments. The vegetative body is called as the thallus which helps in absorbing water. The route from lichen to alcohol was first via a treatment with acid to transform lichenin (a carbohydrate) into glucose and during the Second World War, there was industrial production of sugar from lichens in Russia. The incentive to use lichens came from the scarcity of beet sugar and the need to use grain or potato starch for military alcohol production. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice evs seeds and seeds interdependencies among organisms hunting plant interdependence between plants and animals

Lichens can be used as 

  1. Bio-indicator for water and air pollution

  2. Initial vegetation for waste lands.

  3. Source of wood

  4. To check the air pollution
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Lichens are mutualistic associations of a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium. Lichens are very sensitive to sulphur dioxide pollution in the air. Lichens are sensitive to sulphur dioxide because their efficient absorption systems result in rapid accumulation of sulphur when exposed to high levels of sulphur dioxide pollution. The algal partner are most affected by the sulphur dioxide; chlorophyll is destroyed and photosynthesis is inhibited. Lichens also absorb sulphur dioxide dissolved in water. 

Lichens are widely used as environmental indicators or bio-indicators. If air is very badly polluted with sulphur dioxide there may be no lichens present. If the air is clean, shrubby, hairy and leafy lichens become abundant. 

Multiple choice evs seeds and seeds interdependencies among organisms hunting plant interdependence between plants and animals

Indicator plants which can be used to indicate atmospheric pollution by SO$ _2$ are 

  1. Lichens like Usnea

  2. Grassland like Deschampsia

  3. Moss like Sphagnum

  4. Climbers like Cucurbita
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Lichens are mutualistic associations of a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium and occur as crusty patches or bushy growths on trees, rocks and bare ground. Lichens are very sensitive to sulphur dioxide pollution in the air. Their efficient absorption systems result in rapid accumulation of sulphur when exposed to high levels of sulphur dioxide pollution. The algal partner is most affected by the sulphur dioxide; chlorophyll is destroyed and photosynthesis is inhibited. Lichens are widely used as environmental indicators or bio-indicators. If air is very badly polluted with sulphur dioxide, there may be no lichens present, just green algae may be found. If the air is clean, shrubby, hairy and leafy lichens become abundant. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice evs seeds and seeds interdependencies among organisms hunting plant interdependence between plants and animals

Which of the following is the use of lichens in case of pollution?

  1. They treat the polluted water.

  2. They act as bioindicators of air pollution.

  3. They promote pollution.

  4. Lichens are not related with pollution.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Lichens are most sensitive to sulphur dioxide pollution and do not grow in areas with high levels of air pollution. Hence, Lichens are an important indicators of air pollution.

Multiple choice evs seeds and seeds interdependencies among organisms hunting plant interdependence between plants and animals

The earth's atmospheric window is in the:

  1. Ultraviolet region

  2. Visible region

  3. Infrared region

  4. Polar regions
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The atmospheric window refers to the range of wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum, specifically in the infrared region, where the atmosphere is transparent to radiation, allowing it to pass through to space.

Multiple choice evs seeds and seeds interdependencies among organisms hunting plant interdependence between plants and animals

Lichens are described as indicator of 

  1. Air pollution

  2. Water pollution

  3. Soil pollution

  4. Agricultural productivity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Lichens are highly sensitive to sulfur dioxide in the air. Because they absorb nutrients directly from the atmosphere, their presence or absence serves as a reliable bio-indicator for air quality.

Multiple choice evs seeds and seeds interdependencies among organisms hunting plant interdependence between plants and animals

Diversity of organisms include three Domains such as

  1. bacteria, archae, eukarya

  2. binomial system of classification

  3. monera, protista, fungi, plantae, animalia

  4. membrane bound organelles, no peptidoglycan in cell walls, introns
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The three-domain system, proposed by Carl Woese, classifies all cellular life into Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya based on ribosomal RNA sequences.