Tag: commercial studies

Biomedical wastes, industrial wastes, domestic wastes etc., are burnt in and incinerator at high temperature. Incineration is an industrial combustion process designed to reduce unwanted material to simple solid and gaseous residues.

• (p)e-waste - (iv)Irreparable waste - Irreparable computers and other electronic goods are known as electronic wastes (e-waste). Electronic waste or e-waste describes discarded electrical or electronic devices. When electronic waste is thrown away in landfills their toxic materials seep into groundwater, affecting both land and sea animals.
• (q)Biodegradable waste - (iii)Green waste -Green waste is an organic waste that can be composted. As green waste can be degraded by natural processes into some usable forms they are called a biodegradable waste.
• (r)Inert waste - (ii)Dirt -Inert waste is waste which is neither chemically nor biologically reactive and will not decompose. Examples of this are sand and concrete. Inert waste is also called as dirt.
• (s)Composite waste -(i)Waste clothing - Composite is a material made of 2 or more materials. Hence the overall properties are dependent on the type of reinforcement and matrix. Once the material has done its part and it no longer used it is needed to be replaced.

Pyrolysis is a thermochemical decomposition of organic material at elevated temperatures in the absence of oxygen, which produces energy-rich gases and oils. Other methods listed are primarily for containment or treatment rather than energy recovery.

Biomedical waste includes infectious waste, which is waste that is contaminated by body fluids or radioactive chemicals such as chemotherapy drugs. The waste may include needles, disposable tools and other materials. Improper management of biomedical waste can result in contamination of air, soil and water with pathogens and toxic chemicals which may affect all forms of life. Inadequate waste management may lead to transmission of diseases like typhoid, cholera, etc. Infectious agents such as faeces, vomit, saliva, secretions, blood can cause serious health risks on individuals by affecting organs or systems like gastrointestinal, respiratory, eye, skin and cause Anthrax, Meningitis, AIDS, Haemorrhagic Fever, Hepatitis A, B, C, Influenza etc.

Municipal waste is defined as waste collected from residential, commercial, and institutional sources within a municipality. It is distinct from industrial or hazardous waste streams.

Solid waste management is primarily an urban problem because of the high concentration of people and consumption in cities, which creates significant logistical and environmental challenges for local governments.

Disposal into the sea involves depositing waste into deep ocean waters from coastal areas. Composting is biological decomposition, pulverization reduces particle size, and incineration burns waste at high temperatures.

Pulverization is a mechanical process that grinds or shreds waste, significantly reducing its volume and altering its physical characteristics to make it easier to handle or compact.

Lighter components of solid waste, such as plastics and certain organic materials, have a lower density than seawater and will therefore float on the surface.

Solid waste encompasses a broad range of discarded solid materials, which can include mud, sand, dust, and other refuse from domestic, industrial, and agricultural activities. Therefore, all of the listed options can be components of solid waste.