Tag: breeding and biotechnology

Questions Related to breeding and biotechnology

The recent techniques used for separating fragments of DNA is

botany breeding and biotechnology branches of biotechnology gene cloning biotechnology and genetic engineering

  1. Northern blotting

  2. Southern blotting

  3. Eastern blotting

  4. Western blotting

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Southern blotting is a common technique used in molecular biology to separate and characterize DNA. Southern blotting is a technique used to determine the presence of a specific DNA sequence within a mixture via agarose gel electrophoresis. The Northern blot is a technique used in molecular biology research to study gene expression by detection of RNA (or isolated mRNA) in a sample. The Eastern blot is a biochemical technique used to analyze protein post translational modifications such as lipids, phospho-moieties and glycoconjugates. Western blotting is an adaptation of the Southern blot procedure, used to identify specific amino-acid sequences in proteins.

DNA sequence comparison is a powerful tool in studying evolution. However, there are limitations to what it can tell us about the history of life on Earth.
What is a limitation of this technology?

botany breeding and biotechnology branches of biotechnology gene cloning biotechnology and genetic engineering

  1. It is only possible to obtain DNA samples from extant or recently extinct species.

  2. It is possible that an organism will have genes for non-functional proteins.

  3. Mutations can occur randomly in genomes.

  4. There is greater variation in DNA sequences that in amino acid sequences.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
DNA sequence comparison tools like BLAST, CLUSTAL W etc are some of the powerful tools used in understanding the similarity, relatedness and other phylogenetic studies between two or more sequences at the same time. Mutations act as the limitation of DNA sequence comparison technology as they can occur randomly throughout the genome with time and hence could distort the sequence comparison results and hamper the assessment for statistical significance.
so, the correct answer is 'Mutations can occur randomly in genomes'

Which one of the following is related with genetic engineering?

botany breeding and biotechnology branches of biotechnology gene cloning biotechnology and genetic engineering

  1. Plasmids

  2. Mitochondria

  3. Mutations

  4. Ribosomes

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In molecular cloning, a vector is a DNA molecule used as a vehicle or carrier which carries the desired gene from donor to recipient cell, where it can be replicated and/or expressed. The plasmid is extrachromosomal circular DNA which acts as vector DNA. The plasmid is the most important vector as it possesses multiple cloning sites, an origin of replication and a selectable marker.

Using recombinant DNA technology, genes from a donor cell can be inserted into a bacterium for DNA replication and protein synthesis. The kind of cells that can be used as gene donors in this technology are

botany breeding and biotechnology branches of biotechnology gene cloning biotechnology and genetic engineering

  1. Bacteria only

  2. Either yeast or bacteria

  3. Eukaryotic cells only

  4. Any of these

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The production of a recombined bacterium using a gene from a foreign donor and the synthesis of a protein encoded by the recombinant DNA molecule. The genes used as a donor in recombinant DNA technology are commonly obtained from bacteria, yeast or any eukaryotic host organism. 

So, the correct option is 'Option D' .

In genetic engineering, a DNA segment (gene) of interest is transferred to the host cell through a vector. Consider the following four agents in this regard and select the correct option about which one or more of these can be used as a vector/vectors?
(i) Bacterium
(ii) Plasmid
(iii) Plasmodium
(iv) Enzyme

botany breeding and biotechnology branches of biotechnology gene cloning biotechnology and genetic engineering

  1. (ii) only

  2. (i) and (ii) only

  3. (i), (iii) and (iv)

  4. (iv) only

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In molecular cloning, a vector is a DNA molecule used as a transport to artificially carry foreign genetic material into another cell, where it can be replicated and expressed. A vector containing foreign DNA is termed recombinant DNA. The four major types of vectors are plasmids, viral vectors, cosmids, and artificial chromosomes. Of these, the most commonly used vectors are plasmids.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Which of the following is a correct match between crop, variety and resistance to diseases?

biology breeding and biotechnology method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

  1. Crop - Wheat, Variety - Himgiri, Resistance to disease - White rust

  2. Crop - Brassica, Variety - Pusa Sadabahar, Resistance to disease - Black rot

  3. Crop - Cowpea, Variety - Pusa Komal, Resistance to disease - Bacterial blight

  4. Crop - Chilli, Variety - Pusa Swarnim, Resistance to disease - Chilly mosaic virus

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
A)Crop - Wheat, Variety - Himgiri, Resistance to disease - Leaf and stripe rust, hill blunt.
B)Crop - Brassica, Variety - Pusa swarnim, Resistance to disease - White Dust
C)Crop - Cowpea, Variety - Pusa Komal, Resistance to disease - Bacterial Blight
D)Crop - Chilli, Variety - Pusa Sadabahar, Resistance to disease - Chilly mosaic virus
So the correct option is 'Crop - Cowpea, Variety - Pusa Komal, Resistance to disease - Bacterial blight'


Which one of the following is not a fungal disease?

biology breeding and biotechnology method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

  1. Rust of wheat

  2. Smart of Bajra

  3. Black rot of crucifers

  4. Red rot of sugarcane

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Black rot of Crucifers is not a fungal disease. it is a Bacterial Disease.

So, the correct answer is 'Black rot of crucifers'.

Black rust of wheat is caused by

biology breeding and biotechnology method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

  1. Puccinia

  2. Albugo

  3. Ustilago

  4. Cystopus

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?                         

biology breeding and biotechnology method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

  1. Disease - Black rot of crucifers; Causative Organism - Bacteria

  2. Disease - Brown rust of wheat; Causative Organism - Fungi

  3. Disease - Late blight of potato; Causative Organism - Virus

  4. Disease - Red rot of sugarcane; Causative Organism - Fungi

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Late blight of potato is caused by Phytophthora infestans a oomycetae (fungi). Cool climate and wet weather help infection and spread, responsible for the irish famines in the nineties.

So, the correct answer is 'Disease - Late blight of potato; Causative Organism - Virus'

Use of certain chemicals and radiation to change the base sequence of genes of crop plants is termed

biology breeding and biotechnology method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

  1. recombinant DNA technology

  2. transgenic mechanism

  3. mutation breeding

  4. gene therapy

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

  • Mutation breeding is the process of exposing seeds to certain chemicals and radiation in order to generate mutants with desirable traits to bred with other cultivators. This will change the base sequence of genes of crop plants. In mung bean, resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew were induced by mutations.
  • Recombinant DNA technology is the process of joining DNA molecules together from 2 different species that are inserted into a host organism to produce new genetic recombinations.
  • Transgenic mechanism is the mechanism of random integration of foreign DNA in transgenic animals.
  • Gene therapy is a therapeutic process of delivery of nucleic acid into a patient's cell as a drug to treat a disease.
So, the correct option is 'Option C' .