Tag: evs

Questions Related to evs

The best treatment for dehydration is replacement of

  1. Lost fluids

  2. Lost appetite

  3. Saline

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The only effective treatment for dehydration is to replace lost fluids and lost electrolytes. The best approach to dehydration treatment depends on age, the severity of dehydration and its cause. 

 What is actually slightly lost during dehydration?

  1. Sodium Chloride

  2. Potassium Chloride

  3. Calcium Chloride

  4. Calcium Sulphate


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Dehydration is the loss of fluid from the body. There are many reasons for dehydration, including heatstroke, strenuous exercise, kidney disease, vomiting and diarrhea and chronic conditions like diabetes. The symptoms of dehydration include dry lips and mouth, rapid heart rate and decreased urine output. Dehydration can affect the concentration of the body's electrolytes, causing a fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Sodium is one of the electrolytes most closely linked to the body's fluid balance, since water tends to go to the areas of higher sodium concentration. Dehydration can cause hyponatremia, or low sodium levels, or hypernatremia, or high sodium levels. Symptoms of low sodium include headache, nausea and vomiting, confusion and fatigue. High sodium can cause increased thirst, confusion and muscle twitching and can lead to seizures and coma.

Workers in deep mines usually suffer from dehydration because

  1. Water is lost due to evaporation.

  2. Water is lost due to defeacation.

  3. Water is lost in the form of urines.

  4. Water is lost along with salts in the form of sweat.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Mine sites are often described as being hotter than hell. The hot ambient temperatures, long days and extended work cycles often experienced by mining workers are sweltering and this causes a gradual increase in the accumulation of dehydration in workers. Dehydration along with the loss of water also cause loss of electrolytes (salts). Electrolytes play a vital role in muscle contraction, nerve reactions and regulating fluid levels. Imbalance of these electrolytes can cause fatigue and muscle weakness, dizziness, nausea and sometimes fainting. Some of the common symptoms for mild to moderate dehydration are thirst, dry mouth, fatigue, tiredness, decreased urination and urination dark in colour, dry skin, headache, dizziness, and lack of concentration. If the symptoms of dehydration are ignored it can escalate to heat exhaustion and heat stroke which can be life threatening. So, it is important for workers to be proactive in preventing dehydration when working in high risk environment like mining.

............ refers to a deficit of total body water with accompanying disruptions of metabolic processes.

  1. Malaria

  2. Dehydration

  3. Typhoid

  4. Tuberculosis


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Dehydration refers to a deficit of total body water, with an accompanying disruption of metabolic processesTo prevent dehydration, one has to drink plenty of fluids and eat foods high in water such as fruits and vegetables. There are other preventive measures as well which include avoid alcohol and caffeinated beverages, they increase dehydration. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Workers in deep mines suffer usually from dehydration because water is lost

  1. Along with salts in the form of sweat

  2. Due to evaporation

  3. Due to defaecation

  4. Due to urination


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Mine sites are often described as being hotter than hell. The hot ambient temperatures, long days and extended work cycles often experienced by mining workers are sweltering and this causes a gradual increase in the accumulation of dehydration in workers. Dehydration along with the loss of water also cause loss of electrolytes (salts). Electrolytes play a vital role in muscle contraction, nerve reactions and regulating fluid levels. Imbalance of these electrolytes can cause fatigue and muscle weakness, dizziness, nausea and sometimes fainting. Some of the common symptoms for mild to moderate dehydration are thirst, dry mouth, fatigue, tiredness, decreased urination and urination dark in colour, dry skin, headache, dizziness, and lack of concentration. If the symptoms of dehydration are ignored it can escalate to heat exhaustion and heat stroke which can be life threatening. So it is important for workers to be proactive in preventing dehydration when working in high risk environment like mining.

ORS is given in case of .................... infection/s

  1. Vibrio cholerae

  2. Entamoeba histolytica

  3. Clostridium botulinum

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Season change increases the chance of various infection like cholera, dysentery, food poisoning, respiratory tract infections, gastrointestinal infections (acute gastroenteritis) etc which are characterized by the dehydration and diarrhea. The use of oral rehydration solutions (ORS) can help the body to regain lost minerals or electrolyte and water. ORS contain specific concentrations of carbohydrate, sodium, potassium, chloride, base (as citrate, acetate or lactate) with a defined osmolarity (240-300 mOsm/L). ORS function to support the coupled transport of sodium and glucose across the bowel wall (intestinal brush border), along with water, into systemic circulation. Systemic absorption of water and electrolytes is maximized when the ratio of carbohydrate to sodium is approximately 1:1.

Dehydration occurs when _______ exceeds _________

  1. Face water intake, face water loss

  2. Face water loss, face water intake

  3. Body water content, face water loss

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Dehydration refers to a deficit of total body water, with an accompanying disruption of metabolic processesIt results from the loss of water and important electrolytes from the body, including potassium, sodium, chloride and many other minerals. It occurs when face water loss exceeds face water intake. To prevent dehydration, one has to drink plenty of fluids and eat foods high in water such as fruits and vegetables. There are other preventive measures as well which includes avoid alcohol and caffeinated beverages, they increase dehydration. Wear light colored, absorbent, loose fitting clothing. Stay in cool, shades areas when possible, protect your skin with sun block. It can be treated with the help of using an oral rehydration solution which are easily available in chemists shops. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

In minor dehydration, which of the following can be helpful?

  1. Sea water

  2. Ethanol

  3. Fresh water

  4. Any water can be helpful


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Dehydration refers to a deficit of total body water, with an accompanying disruption of metabolic processesIt results from the loss of water and important electrolytes from the body, including potassium, sodium, chloride and many other minerals. To prevent dehydration, one has to drink plenty of fluids and eat foods high in water such as fruits and vegetables. There are other preventive measures as well which includes avoid alcohol and caffeinated beverages, they increase dehydration. Wear light colored, absorbent, loose fitting clothing. Stay in cool, shades areas when possible, protect your skin with sun block. It can be treated with the help of using an oral rehydration solution which are easily available in chemists shops. Minor rehydration can be treated easily by drinking fresh water. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

In dehydration, deficiency of .......... is seen.

  1. Proteins

  2. Carbohydrate

  3. Ions

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Dehydration refers to a deficit of total body water, with an accompanying disruption of metabolic processes. It results from the loss of water and important electrolytes from the body, including potassium, sodium, chloride and many other minerals. To prevent dehydration, one has to drink plenty of fluids and eat foods high in water such as fruits and vegetables. There are other preventive measures as well which include avoiding alcohol and caffeinated beverages, they increase dehydration. Wear light colored, absorbent, loose fitting clothing. Stay in cool, shades areas when possible, protect your skin with sun block. It can be treated with the help of using an oral rehydration solution which is easily available in chemists shops.Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Drinking too much of water can lead to

  1. Vomiting

  2. Bloating

  3. No change

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Keep in mind that drinking too much not only can cause bloating and discomfort but also may lead to a potentially fatal condition in which your blood sodium becomes too low. This occurs when you drink more fluids than you lose through sweating.