Tag: the solid state

Questions Related to the solid state

An ionic solid has some point defect but its experimental density is equal to its theoretical density. The type of defect is:

imperfections in solids solid state the solid state chemistry

  1. Schottky defect

  2. Frenkel effect

  3. Metal excess defect

  4. Metal deficient defect

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
An ionic solid has some point defect but its experimental density is equal to its theoretical density. The type of defect is Frenkel effect.

When an ion leaves its correct lattice site and occupies an interstitial site, Frenkel defect is observed. Hence, the density of crystal is not affected.

In Schottky defect, the density of the crystal decreases.

Ionic solids with Schottky defects contain in their structure

imperfections in solids solid state the solid state chemistry

  1. equal number of cations and anions vacancies

  2. interstitial anions and anion vacancies

  3. cation vacancies only

  4. cation vacancies and interstitial cations

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Schottky defect is the defect which is produced when one cation and anion is missing from their respective positions leaving behind a pair of holes. The crystal as a whole remains neutral because the number of missing positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions) is the same.

In a solid lattice, the cation has left a lattice site and is located at an interstitial position. The lattice defect is known as____________.

imperfections in solids solid state the solid state chemistry

  1. Interstitial defect

  2. Valency defect

  3. Frenkel defect

  4. Schottky defect

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Frenkel defect is a defect which is created when an ion leaves its appropriate site in the lattice and occupies an interstitial site. A hole or vacancy is thus produced in the lattice.
The electroneutrality of the crystal is maintained since the number of positive and negative ions is the same. Since positive ions are small in size, they usually leave their positions in the lattice and occupy interstitial positions.

Schottky defect defines imperfection in the lattice structure of :

imperfections in solids solid state the solid state chemistry

  1. solid

  2. gas

  3. liquid

  4. plasma

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A Schottky defect is a type of point defect in a solid crystal lattice. 

Schottky defect is noticed in:

imperfections in solids solid state the solid state chemistry

  1. $NaCl$

  2. $KCl$

  3. $BeCl _2$

  4. both $A$ and $B$

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

All alkali metal halides show the Schottky defect due to the formation of excess cations.
Thus Schottky defect will be noticed in $NaCl \; & \; KCl$.
Thus, option $(D)$ is right answer.

What type of crystal defect is indicated in the diagram below?

$Na^{+}$ $Cl^{-}$ $Na^{+}$ $Cl^{-}$ $Na^{+}$ $Cl^{-}$
$Cl^{-}$ $Cl^{-}$ $Na^{+}$ $Na^{+}$
$Na^{+}$ $Cl^{-}$ $Cl^{-}$ $Na^{+}$ $Cl^{-}$
$Cl^{-}$ $Na^{+}$ $Cl^{-}$ $Na^{+}$ $Na^{+}$
imperfections in solids solid state the solid state chemistry

  1. Frenkel defect

  2. Schottky defect

  3. Interstitial defect

  4. Frenkel and Schottky defects

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Schottky defect is indicated in the diagram as equal number of sodium cation and chloride anion are missing.
In Frenkel defect, a cation or anion leaves its regular site and occupies interstitial position.

Which of the following is/are correct about the point defects?

imperfections in solids solid state the solid state chemistry

  1. In Frenkel defect, the dielectric constant of solid increases

  2. In Schottky defect, the density of solid decreases

  3. In Frenkel defect, the density of solid decreases

  4. In Shcottky defect, the dielectric constant of solid increases

Show answer
Correct Option: A,B
Explanation:

(A) Frenkel defect tends to increase the dielectric constant of the crystal because of presence of the ions in interstitial sites.


(B) In Schottky defects an equal number of cations and anions are missing from the interstitial sites and form vacancy or hole and thus density decreases due to these missing cation and anions.

(C) In Frenkel defect in which an tom is displaced from its' lattice position to an interstitial site creating a vacancy at the original site and interstitial defect at the new location. The density do not change as it involves only migration of ions within the crystals preserving both volume and mass.

(D) In Schottky defect dielectric constant of solid do not change.

Answer: $A,B$

A solid solution of $CdBr _{2}$ in $AgBr$ contains:

imperfections in solids solid state the solid state chemistry

  1. schottky defects

  2. frenkel defects

  3. colour centres

  4. frenkel as well as schottky defects

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Frenkel Defect: This defect is shown by ionic solids. The smaller ion is dislocated from its normal site to an interstitial site. Frenkel defect is shown by ionic substance in which there is a large difference in the size of ions.


Schottky Defect: It is basically a vacancy defect in ionic solids. In order to maintain electrical neutrality, the number of missing cations and anions are equal. Schottky defect is shown by ionic substances in which the cation and anion are of almost similar sizes.

The radius ratio for CdBr2 and AgBr is intermediate. Thus, it shows both frenkel and schottky defects.

Which of the following exhibit Frenkel defect?

imperfections in solids solid state the solid state chemistry

  1. $KBr$

  2. $AgBr$

  3. $AgCl$

  4. $ZnS$

Show answer
Correct Option: A,B,C,D
Explanation:

$KBr, AgBr, AgCl\ and\ ZnS$ exhibit Frenkel defect.
$AgBr$ also exhibits schottky defect.
$NaCl, KCl, CsCl$ etc, exhibits schottky defect.

Which of the following defect is seen in $FeO ?$

imperfections in solids solid state the solid state chemistry

  1. Metal deficiency defect

  2. Metal excess defect

  3. Displacement defect

  4. Impurity defect

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

$FeO$ shows metal deficiency defect. In crystal of $FeO$ some $Fe^{2+}$ cations are missing and the loss of positive charge is made up by the presence of required number of $Fe^{3+} $ ions.