World Philosophical Traditions

'Karma' in Indian philosophy refers to the law of cause and effect, where actions (both good and bad) have consequences that shape an individual's destiny.

The 'Seer' or 'Rishi' in the Nasadiya Sukta contemplates the origin and nature of the universe, seeking answers to existential questions.

The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad teaches that Brahman and the individual soul (Atman) are ultimately identical, forming a unified reality.

According to the Upanishads, Brahman and Atman are the same. The individual self (Atman) is a manifestation of the universal self (Brahman). When the individual self realizes its true nature, it merges with the universal self and experiences the ultimate reality.

According to the Upanishads, the universe is a manifestation of Brahman. It is a temporary and changing phenomenon that arises from the eternal and unchanging Brahman. The universe is not an illusion, but it is not ultimately real either. It is a relative reality that exists only in relation to Brahman.

In Indian thought, astronomy and philosophy are seen as two separate but related disciplines. Astronomy is seen as the study of the physical universe, while philosophy is seen as the study of the mind and the nature of reality. However, the two disciplines are often seen as being connected, as the study of the physical universe can lead to insights into the nature of reality, and the study of the mind can lead to insights into the workings of the physical universe.

The idea that the universe is cyclical is a common theme in Indian astronomy and philosophy. This idea is based on the observation that the universe appears to go through cycles of creation, destruction, and renewal. This cycle is often seen as being analogous to the cycle of life and death.

Abhidha is the theory that the meaning of a word is determined by its relationship to the speaker's intention. It holds that the meaning of a word is not inherent in the word itself, but rather is determined by the speaker's intention in using the word.

Samkhya Philosophy views the relationship between Purusha and Prakriti as follows: Purusha is the active principle and Prakriti is the passive principle, Purusha is the conscious principle and Prakriti is the material principle, and Purusha is the unchanging principle and Prakriti is the changing principle.

Maya is a key concept in ancient Indian philosophy, particularly in the Advaita Vedanta school, and refers to the idea that the material world is an illusion or a veil that obscures the true nature of reality.

In ancient Indian philosophy, karma is believed to be a universal principle that governs the actions and consequences of all beings, regardless of their origin or nature.

Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam is a Sanskrit phrase that means 'the world is a family'. It expresses the idea that all living beings are interconnected and interdependent, and that we should treat each other and the environment with love and respect.

The Nyaya school posits that universals are inherent in particulars and that particulars are instances of universals.

Advaita Vedanta posits that Brahman, the ultimate reality, is both identical to and distinct from the world of particulars.

The theory of anvayavyatireka posits that inference is the method for determining the relationship between universals and particulars.