World Philosophical Traditions

Atman refers to the individual soul or the true self in Yoga Philosophy. It is the essence of a person that remains unchanged throughout the cycle of birth and death.

In Yoga Philosophy, Atman and Brahman are ultimately considered to be one and the same. The individual soul (Atman) is a manifestation of the universal consciousness (Brahman) and is not separate from it.

Meditation and self-inquiry are powerful tools for overcoming the illusion of Maya and realizing the true nature of reality. Meditation helps to calm the mind and reduce the influence of the ego, while self-inquiry involves questioning our beliefs and assumptions about the world.

Yoga Philosophy recognizes the body as a sacred temple that houses the Self. It emphasizes the importance of honoring and respecting the body through proper care, nourishment, and exercise. The body is seen as a vehicle for spiritual growth and Self-realization, rather than an obstacle or a source of suffering.

Yoga Philosophy teaches that the soul transmigrates from one body to another based on the principle of karma. The actions and intentions of an individual in one life determine the circumstances of their next life. This cycle of birth, death, and rebirth continues until the soul achieves liberation (moksha) through Self-realization.

In the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna tells Arjuna that the universe is a vast and eternal ocean of consciousness, and that all beings are interconnected and part of this consciousness.

In the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna tells Arjuna that the sun is a manifestation of the god Surya, and that it is the source of all life on Earth.

In the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna tells Arjuna that the planets are manifestations of the gods, and that they are symbols of the senses.

According to the Vaisheshika Sutras, the soul and the body interact with each other.

The Nyaya school of Indian philosophy holds that perception is a reliable way of knowing reality because it is based on direct experience. When we perceive an object, we are directly experiencing that object, and therefore we can be sure that it exists.

The Buddhist school of Indian philosophy holds that perception is an unreliable way of knowing reality because it is based on our subjective experience. When we perceive an object, we are only experiencing our own subjective interpretation of that object, and therefore we cannot be sure that it exists independently of our own minds.

The Advaita Vedanta school of Indian philosophy holds that perception is not a way of knowing reality because it is based on duality. When we perceive an object, we are perceiving it as separate from ourselves, and therefore we are creating a division between ourselves and the object. This division is an illusion, and therefore perception cannot lead us to true knowledge of reality.

In the Advaita Vedanta school of Indian philosophy, perception is not considered to be a reliable way to know reality. This is because perception is based on duality, and duality is an illusion. The world that we perceive is a world of duality, where there is a subject and an object, a knower and a known. However, the true reality is non-dual, and there is no separation between the subject and the object, the knower and the known.

In the Nyaya school of Indian philosophy, perception is considered to be the only way to know reality. This is because perception is direct and immediate. When we perceive an object, we are directly experiencing that object, and therefore we can be sure that it exists. Other ways of knowing, such as inference and testimony, are indirect and mediate. They rely on perception, and therefore they cannot be as reliable as perception.

Brahmacharya is considered a form of Dharma in Hinduism, emphasizing self-control, celibacy, and spiritual development. It is seen as a means of fulfilling one's duties and obligations towards oneself, others, and the divine.