World Philosophical Traditions

Atman is the concept of the individual soul in the Vedas, which is often described as being immortal and unchanging.

Sattva is a necessary condition for moksha, but moksha is not a necessary condition for sattva.

The Upanishads teach that action can both hinder and promote moksha. Good actions can lead to positive karma, which can help one to attain moksha, while bad actions can lead to negative karma, which can hinder one's progress towards moksha.

The Nyaya school of thought teaches that action is the means to achieve moksha. According to this school, one can attain moksha by performing good actions and avoiding bad actions.

Advaita Vedanta teaches that action is irrelevant to the attainment of moksha. According to this school, moksha is achieved through the realization of the identity of the individual self with the universal Self.

Desire is generally considered to be an obstacle to moksha in Indian philosophy. According to the Bhagavad Gita, desire for material possessions, sensual pleasures, and fame can lead one away from the path of moksha.

Karma can both hinder and promote moksha in Indian philosophy. Good karma can lead to positive circumstances and opportunities that can help one to progress on the path to moksha, while bad karma can create obstacles and challenges that can hinder one's progress.

Dharma is a central concept in Indian philosophy and refers to one's duty, righteousness, or moral obligations. In many schools of thought, dharma is considered to be a necessary condition for moksha, as it is believed that one cannot achieve liberation without fulfilling their dharma.

The concept of apocalyptic history in Indian philosophy can be both a help and a hindrance to moksha, depending on one's perspective and approach. It can motivate spiritual seeking and detachment, but it can also lead to fear and anxiety if taken too literally.

The concept of apocalyptic history in Indian philosophy can be seen as both a manifestation and a violation of dharma, depending on the context and interpretation. It can reflect the consequences of collective karma and the need for renewal, but it can also be seen as a disruption of the natural order and a deviation from righteous conduct.

The Nyaya-Vaiseshika school holds that the universe is an eternal and self-existent entity. It argues that the universe has always existed and does not require a creator.

The Nyaya-Vaiseshika school maintains that the individual soul is a part of the universal soul. It argues that the individual soul is a fragment of the universal soul that has become separated from the whole.

Karma, the principle of cause and effect, influences one's spiritual progress and determines the circumstances of their life in each stage.

Reincarnation, the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, influences one's spiritual progress and determines the circumstances of their life in each stage.

The concept of 'karma' in Indian families encompasses the belief in cause and effect, the idea of reincarnation, and the importance of ethical behavior, emphasizing the interconnectedness of actions and their consequences, both in this life and beyond.