World Facts and Geography

Indonesia is the world's largest Muslim-majority country, with over 230 million Muslims. It has the largest Islamic population by number, not by percentage of population. Pakistan and Bangladesh have large Muslim populations but are smaller than Indonesia. Saudi Arabia is the birthplace of Islam but has a smaller population.

Rome is the capital city of Italy, located in the central-western part of the Italian Peninsula. Spain, France, and Israel are all European/Middle Eastern countries but Rome is specifically in Italy.

This question refers to Saudi Arabia, which was the only country in the world that prohibited women from driving until September 2018, when the ban was lifted. Sri Lanka, Iran, and Iraq all allow women to drive. Note that this information is now historical as the ban has been lifted.

Lake Victoria forms an international boundary between Tanzania and Uganda, and also with Kenya. It is the largest lake in Africa. Lake Chad is in West Africa, Lake Malawi is between Malawi and Mozambique, and Zambezi is a river, not a lake.

Hamas is a Palestinian militant organization that has been engaged in conflict with Israel since its founding in 1987. The group's primary goal has been to establish an Islamic state in historic Palestine, which has put it in direct opposition to Israel's existence as a nation. Sudan, Brazil, and Syria are not the primary adversaries against which Hamas has been fighting.

Kyrgyzstan adopted a new constitution through a referendum in 2010, transitioning to a parliamentary democracy. It is indeed considered Central Asia's first parliamentary democracy, distinguishing itself from neighboring authoritarian regimes. This followed the Tulip Revolution of 2005.

The Netherlands became the first country to legalize euthanasia in 2002 under the Termination of Life on Request and Assisted Suicide Act. Belgium followed later that same year, while most other countries still prohibit the practice.

KOSPI (Korea Composite Stock Price Index) is the primary stock market index of South Korea, tracking the performance of all common stocks traded on the Korean Exchange. It includes Korea's largest companies like Samsung and Hyundai.

The 2010 Failed States Index ranked Somalia as the most failed state that year. Somalia had been without a functional central government since 1991, experiencing extreme instability, terrorism, piracy, and humanitarian crisis. Sudan and Chad were also highly ranked but Somalia topped the list.

Haiti suffered a devastating 7.0 magnitude earthquake in January 2010, with its capital Port-au-Prince at the epicenter. This catastrophic event caused massive destruction and loss of life. The other options (Hungary, Hong Kong, Honduras) were not affected by major earthquakes in 2010.

Korea was divided into North Korea (DPRK) and South Korea (ROK) after World War II in 1945. Seoul is the capital of South Korea, while Pyongyang is the capital of North Korea. The division was meant to be temporary but became permanent due to Cold War tensions and the Korean War.

Australia is home to both Uluru (Ayers Rock), a sacred sandstone monolith in the Northern Territory, and the Great Barrier Reef, the world's largest coral reef system off Queensland's coast. These are among Australia's most iconic natural landmarks and UNESCO World Heritage sites.

Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by land area, covering approximately 8.5 million square kilometers. Its capital is Brasilia, a planned city inaugurated in 1960. Brazil is the largest country in both South America and the Southern Hemisphere.

Canada only borders the United States to the south, making it unique among large nations for having just one neighboring country. Canada is officially bilingual, with English and French as its two official languages. China, Chile, and Colombia all border multiple countries.