World Geography and Capitals

In 1453, Sultan Mehmed II led the Ottoman Empire to conquer Constantinople, bringing an end to the Byzantine Empire. The city was then renamed Istanbul and established as the new capital of the Ottoman Empire.

Putrajaya was established in 1995 to serve as the federal administrative centre of Malaysia, shifting the seat of government from Kuala Lumpur due to overcrowding. Kuala Lumpur remains the national and legislative capital.

Manila is the capital city of the Philippines, serving as its economic and cultural center. Bangkok is the capital of Thailand, Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia, and Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam.

Bangkok is the capital and most populous city of Thailand. Pattaya, Chiang Mai, and Phuket are other major cities and popular tourist destinations in the country, but they are not the capital.

Jakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia, serving as the country's economic, cultural, and political hub. Other options like Medan, Surabaya, and Batam are major Indonesian cities but not the capital.

Manila is the capital city of the Philippines and serves as the center of its metro area. Quezon City is the most populous city in the country, while Sembawang is in Singapore and Shanghai is in China.

Islamabad was purpose-built to be the capital of Pakistan, replacing Karachi in the 1960s.

The Pusan Perimeter was the defensive line where UN and South Korean forces held off the North Korean advance during the early stages of the Korean War.

Shah Abbas I moved the capital of the Safavid Empire to Esfahan, which became a center of art and architecture.

Baghdad is the capital city of modern-day Iraq.

After Mehmed II conquered Constantinople in 1453, he made it the new capital of the Ottoman Empire, renaming it Istanbul.

The headquarters of the World Health Organization (WHO) is located in Geneva, Switzerland.

The Camp David Accords led to a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel, resulting in Israel returning the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt.

The Camp David Accords were signed in 1978 at the United States presidential retreat, Camp David, in Maryland.