Women in Media and History

Sally Ride became the first American woman in space when she flew aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983. Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman in space overall (Soviet), but Ride was the first American. The other options came later.

Florence Nightingale is called the 'Lady with the Lamp' because she would make rounds at night to check on wounded soldiers during the Crimean War. She is celebrated as the founder of modern nursing.

Joan of Arc is known as the 'Maid of Orleans' because of her pivotal role in lifting the Siege of Orleans during the Hundred Years' War. She is a national heroine of France and a Catholic saint.

Rosanna Davison, representing Ireland, was crowned Miss World 2003 in Sanya, China. She is the daughter of the famous musician Chris de Burgh.

Princess Anne, the Princess Royal, became the first senior member of the British Royal Family to be convicted of a criminal offense in modern times. In 2002, she pleaded guilty to a charge under the Dangerous Dogs Act after her English bull terrier bit two children in Windsor Great Park. She was fined 500 pounds and ordered to pay compensation and costs.

Saint Helena, the mother of Emperor Constantine the Great, is credited with finding the True Cross and founding many churches in the Holy Land, earning her the title of mother of Christianity in some traditions.

Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of modern nursing due to her pioneering work during the Crimean War. She established the first secular nursing school in the world and significantly improved sanitary conditions in hospitals.

Valentina Tereshkova is famous for being the first woman to fly in space, a feat she achieved in 1963 aboard Vostok 6. None of the specific geographical achievements listed (English Channel or the Poles) apply to her. Therefore, 'none of these' is the correct choice as her primary claim to fame is space exploration.

Ada Lovelace is widely regarded as the first computer programmer for her work on Charles Babbage's early mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine.

Mansfield Park is a novel by the English author Jane Austen.

The Pilot's Wife is a novel by the American author Anita Shreve.

Carl Linnaeus, the Swedish scientist who created the system of binomial nomenclature, is also known by his ennobled name, Carl von Linne (or Kari Von Linne in some variations). He is considered the father of modern taxonomy for his work in classifying organisms. The name Carolus Linnaeus is the Latinized version he used in his scientific publications.

Ada Lovelace is considered to be the 1^st computer programmer.