Water and Wastewater Treatment

Sedimentation is a physical water treatment process using gravity to remove suspended solids from water. Solid particles entered by the turbulence of moving water may be removed naturally by sedimentation in the still water of lakes and oceans. 

Sedimentation is a physical water treatment process using gravity to remove suspended solids from water. Solid particles entered by the turbulence of moving water may be removed naturally by sedimentation in the still water of lakes and oceans. Settling basins are ponds constructed for the purpose of removing solids by sedimentation. Clarifies are settling basins built with mechanical means for continuous removal of solids being deposited by sedimentation.

Muddy water can be purified by the process of sedimentation, followed by using alum, which removes the lighter impurities also. This water then may be chlorinated to kill any bacteria and to get pure water. 

Chlorination is a commonly used chemical method for purifying water. It is done by adding chlorine tablets or bleaching powder to water.

The mud in muddy water is heavier and settles down when this water is kept undisturbed for some time. The process is known as sedimentation. After this, the lighter impurities can be separated by the process of filtration. So, sedimentation followed by filtration can be used to purify muddy water. 

Washing machines use centrifugation as their working principle. The drum spins at high speed, creating centrifugal force that pushes water outward through the drum's perforations while clothes are pressed against the drum walls. This efficiently separates water from clothes. Dialysis is for blood filtration, reverse osmosis for water purification, and diffusion is passive molecular spread - none of these apply to washing machine operation.

Yes, it is correct. Break point chlorination, Ozonisation and Chloramine treatment are methods of disinfection of water. Hot soda lime process is a method of softening of hard water. Foaming is the production of bubbles and foams in boiler feed water which do not break easily.

Potassium permanganate acts as oxidizing agent (release oxygen) in the drinking liquid. Hence, it increases the purification level by adding oxygen into it.

Chlorination is the most common method for purifying water for human consumption. Chlorine kills harmful microorganisms including bacteria and viruses, making water safe to drink.

Bleaching powder used for disinfecting drinking water because it releases chlorine.

Yes, it is the correct answer. 

The material, which in healthy sludge is a brown floc, is largely composed of saprotrophic bacteria but also has an important protozoan flora mainly composed of amoebae, spirotrichs, peritrichs including vorticellids and a range of other filter feeding species.

Builders are water softeners. These chemical compounds are agents that remove calcium ions by complexation or precipitation. Typical builders are sodium carbonate, complexation agents, soap and zeolites. They function by sequestering or precipitating the problematic ions. One of the most common builders is sodium triphosphate, which is used on very large scale for this application.

Bleaching powder (calcium hypochlorite) is extensively used for water sterilization because it releases chlorine when dissolved in water, which kills bacteria and other microorganisms. It's cost-effective, stable, and widely used in municipal water treatment systems.

Ethylene oxide is a cyclic ether. This means that it is composed of 2 alkyl groups attached to an oxygen atom in a cyclic shape (circular).It is a disinfectant that is widely used in hospitals and has replaced steam in the sterilization of heat-sensitive tools and equipment, such as disposable plastic syringes.