Waste Management and Pollution

 The scrap is the residue material that has a recovery value, it can be sold.

The typical incineration plant for municipal solid waste is a moving grate incinerator. The moving grate enables the movement of waste through the combustion chamber to be optimised to allow a more efficient and complete combustion.

The Recycle Bin is a special folder that temporarily stores deleted files and folders, allowing users to recover them if needed. It is not used for backups or file information.

Reduce, Reuse, Recover and Recycle are the 4R's of this principle.

Biogas production is a versatile anaerobic process that can utilize various organic feedstocks. Animal dung, human excreta, and crop residues all contain organic matter that bacteria can break down to produce methane-rich biogas.

Garbage - is the food waste from kitchen, any discarded or useless material. Solid waste management is also known as garbage management.

Residential waste includes plastic, food waste etc. Industrial and municipal corporations are other sources which produce waste.

Organic waste - organic means related to living things. Organic wastes include human waste, animal waste, oil, urea (urine), fruit & vegetable waste. Organic waste does not have to be thrown away. It may be reused as a fertilizer through a process called compositing & the mixture is known as compost. Composting - is done by putting organic waste in a bin & leaving some space for air to circulate. As heat and steam build up, the waste decomposes over time into a nutrient rich substance called compost. The compost is then applied to plant as manures. Hence (2) is the correct answer.

Wastes can be classified into three types: Biodegradable waste - It is the waste that will decay and decompose into the soil. All waste derived from living matter is biodegradable. For example, food waste such as fruits and vegetable peels, meat and bones, leaves, flowers, paper, etc. Non-biodegradable waste – It is the waste that will not decay and decomposed into the soil. This includes plastics (for example, bags and packaging material), metals (cold drink cans) and glass (old bottles, broken glass pieces, bulbs), etc. Toxic (poisonous) Waste - Wastes such as medicines, batteries, dried paint and dried shoe polish, etc. are toxic. These are much more difficult to dispose.

Hence, option (2) is the correct answer.

Landfills are the structures built into or on the top of the ground in which garbage is dumped from the surrounding environment. It is the oldest form of waste treatment.

Biodegradable waste can be recycled by the method of composting. It is a natural process that recycles the nutrients in the waste to yield manure. Manure obtained is very rich in nutrients and is an excellent medium for growing plants.

If the rotting is complete, the colour of the garbage turns black and there will be no foul smell. If the garbage has not changed at all or there is foul smell, it means garbage is not rotten completely. If the rotting is not complete, cover the bags again with soil and allow bacteria to act on them.

Hence, option (2) is the correct answer.

Biodegradable waste e.g. fruits & vegetable peels, meat & bones, leaves, flowers, paper etc can be recycled by the method of composting. It is a natural process that recycles the nutrients in the waste to yield manure or compost. Manure is a non-poisonous substance which is very rich in nutrients and is an excellent medium for growing plants.

Vegetable peels, hay, animal excreta are all biodegradable waste and hence, can be converted into useful products by the process of composting. It is a natural process that recycles the waste to yield manure or compost. The manure is rich in nutrients and is an excellent medium for growing plants. Apart from being clean, cheap and safe, composting also reduces the amount of garbage. Composting is also done by using earthworms. This type of composting is known as vermicomposting.

Rottening - means decaying of the material. It is a natural breakdown of complex organic compounds into simpler substances. Rottening or decay occurs in dead plants & animal tissues. i.e. Rottening occurs in biodegradable waste. All the waste derived from living matter is biodegradable. Leather - is animal skin that has been chemically modified to produce strong flexible materials. Therefore, it is a biodegradable waste. Coconut - is a hard shelled fruit containing juice. Therefore, coconut is also biodegradable waste material hence both leather & coconut can be rotten down.