States of Matter

Ethylene glycol is the main ingredient in automotive antifreeze, preventing engine coolant from freezing in cold temperatures. It's toxic and not used for car paint, petrol, or windscreen wash.

Mercury is a liquid metal at room temperature that forms small, shiny droplets. These droplets can easily roll and scatter when disturbed, which is why it's historically called 'quicksilver.' The other options (paint, bleach, water) don't share this characteristic behavior.

Liquid Helium II is a superfluid that can flow against gravity - it can creep up the walls of containers and overflow. This is a quantum mechanical property of helium-4 below 2.17K.

Bromine is the only nonmetallic element that is liquid at room temperature, appearing as a reddish-brown volatile liquid. It evaporates easily to form a red-brown gas. Bromine is neither a solid, colorless gas, nor highly inflammable.

Heavy water (D2O) is deuterium oxide - water where the hydrogen atoms are replaced by deuterium, hydrogen's heavy isotope containing one proton and one neutron. It's about 10% denser than regular water.

Sugar (sucrose) has the highest solubility in water among the options - about 200g/100mL at room temperature. Common salt has moderate solubility (~36g/100mL), sulphur is virtually insoluble, and camphor is only slightly soluble. Sugar molecules form strong hydrogen bonds with water, enabling high solubility.

Sodium is stored under kerosene because it reacts violently with air and water. Kerosene forms a protective layer, preventing contact with moisture and oxygen. Petrol could work but is more expensive and volatile. Alcohol reacts with sodium, and water causes explosive reactions.

Air is a homogeneous mixture of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), argon (0.9%), carbon dioxide (0.04%), and trace gases. A compound consists of chemically bonded elements in fixed proportions, while an element contains only one type of atom. Air's composition varies slightly with location and altitude, confirming it's a mixture, not a compound.

Water's high dipole moment allows it to effectively dissolve ionic salts. The polar water molecules surround and separate individual ions, breaking the ionic bonds. Properties like specific heat, color, and boiling point are unrelated to solvation ability.

Bromine is a halogen element that exists as a red-brown liquid at room temperature. It's one of only two elements that are liquid under standard conditions, the other being mercury. It's highly volatile and produces toxic fumes.

H2S is a gas at room temperature due to weak intermolecular forces, while H2O is a liquid because of strong hydrogen bonding between water molecules. This difference occurs because sulfur is larger and less electronegative than oxygen.

Billowing describes something swelling out in waves, like smoke, fabric, or clouds moving in rolling motions. Options A, B, and D refer to worthlessness, duration, and mixtures - none related to wave-like expansion.

Convulsion means a sudden, violent, irregular movement of the body or a part, typically caused by illness, seizure, or shock. Option C correctly describes this medical symptom. The other options refer to evaporation, composure, or lack of liveliness - all incorrect.

To distill means to refine a liquid by evaporating and condensing it to extract its pure essence. Option A correctly and precisely defines this process. The other options are unrelated.

Embed means to enclose or fix something firmly and deeply in a surrounding mass. It's commonly used for placing objects within material (embedding jewels in a ring) or integrating elements into a larger structure (embedding videos in web pages). 'Imbed' is an accepted variant spelling.