Skeletal and Muscular System

Venation is the arrangement of veins on the leaves. It is basically of 2 types, reticulate and parallel. Reticulate venation involves irregular distribution of veins to form a network. Parallel venation involves the veins running parallel to each other. Pinnate venation is also called as unicostate venation. In this, the lamina has a single principal vein or midrib. It produces lateral veins. Palmate venation is also called as multicostate venation. In this, lamina has more than one principal vein. 

The biceps, also known as biceps brachii lies on the front of the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow. The biceps brachii has two heads, or origins. Both heads originate on the scapula. The long head attaches to the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, which is just above the space where the humerus, or upper arm, enters the shoulder. The short head attaches to the coracoid process of the scapula. Both heads converge into one muscle, that runs the length of the humerus. The biceps brachii crosses the inside of the elbow and attaches at the radial tuberosity, which is a feature on the radius - one of the two bones (Ulna is other bone) in- the lower arm. In this way it attaches humerus with the radius and ulna. 

It forms the main axis. It consists of skull - 22 bones vertebral column - 33 vertebrae, sternum - 1 and ribs - 24.

A- The glenoid cavity or glenoid fossa of scapula is a part of the shoulder. It is a shallow, pyriform articular surface, which is located on the lateral angle of the scapula.

• The phalanges are digital bones in the hands and feet of most vertebrates. In primates, the thumbs and big toes have two phalanges while the other digits have three phalanges.
•  Hence, Phalanges are present in both hands and foot.
• The mandible is the largest, strongest and lowest bone in the human face. It forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place. The mandible is the only movable bone of the skull, not counting the ossicles of the middle ear.
• Hence, Mandible is the only movable bone in the skull of the man.
• So, the correct answer is 'Phalanges - Mandible'.

The main characteristic that is associated with birds is their ability to fly. The entire forelimb has been modified to become a wing. The forelimb is not required to support weight but to restrain prey or for locomotion. 

The hip joint is a synovial joint formed by the articulation of the rounded head of the femur and the cup-like acetabulum of the pelvis. The cup-like acetabulum forms at the union of three pelvic bones - the ilium, pubis, and ischium. 

Pelvic girdle consists of two coxal bones. Each coxal bone is formed by the fusion of three bones ilium, ischium and pubis. At the point of fusion of the above bones is a cup shaped cavity called as acetabulum to which the thigh bone articulates. The two halves of the pelvic girdle meet ventrally to form the pubic symphysis containing fibrous cartilage.

The bones of the limbs along with their girdles constitute the appendicular skeleton. Each limb is made of 30 bones. The bones of the hand (fore limb) are humerus, radius and ulna, carpals (or wrist bones 8 in number), metacarpals (palm bones, 5 in number) and phalanges (digits 14 in number).

In humans, each limb is made of 30 bones. The bones of the legs (hind limb) are femur (thigh bone, the longest bone), tibia and fibula, tarsals (ankle bones 7 in number), metatarsals (5 in number) and phalanges (digits 14 in number). A cup-shaped bone, called as patella covers the knee ventrally (knee cap).

The bone surface is not smooth but scarred with bumps, holes and ridges. These are surface markings, where muscles, tendons and ligaments attached, blood and lymph vessels and nerves pass. Depression and openings are
(1) Fissure- narrow, cleft like opening between adjacent parts of bone. Example, Supra of orbital fissure.
(2) Foramen- a bigger, round opening. Example, foramen magnum.
(3) Meatus- a relatively narrow tubular canal. Example, external auditory meatus .
(4) Groves and sulcus- are deep furrow on the surface of a bone or other structure. Example, inter-vertebral and radial grooves of humerus.
(5) Fossa- shallow depressed area. Example, mandibular fossa.

The semilunar notch or the trochlear notch as it is commonly referred to is a  greater sigmoid cavity formed by a large depression in the upper extremity of the ulna. This fits the trochlea of the humerus and becomes  a part of the elbow joint. This is formed by the olecranon and the coronoid process. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

In humans, each limb is made of 30 bones. The bones of the hand (forelimb) are humerus, radius and ulna, carpals (wrist bones 8 in number), metacarpals (palm bones 5 in number) and phalanges (digits 14 in number). Olecranon process is the process of the ulna that forms the outer bump of the elbow and fits into the fossa of the humerus when the arm is extended.