Social Science ยท General Awareness
Psychological and Sociological Theories
2,263 Questions
Psychological and sociological theories questions explore concepts like aging processes, intelligence, and human behavior. These topics are crucial for understanding cognitive development and social interactions. They often appear in civil services and state public service commission examinations testing conceptual clarity.
Aging theoriesBehavioral psychology theoriesFamily systems theoryMedia and culture theoriesPolitical behavior motivationsLanguage learning processes
Psychological and Sociological Theories Questions
Which theory suggests that technology is a social and cultural phenomenon that is shaped by the interactions between humans and technology?
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Technological determinism
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Social constructivism
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Technological neutrality
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Technological utopianism
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Social constructivism is the theory that suggests that technology is a social and cultural phenomenon that is shaped by the interactions between humans and technology. This theory argues that technology is not simply a neutral tool, but rather a product of the social and cultural context in which it is developed.
Which theory of motivation emphasizes the role of unconscious drives and instincts in human behavior?
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Drive Theory
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Humanistic Theory
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Social Cognitive Theory
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Expectancy-Value Theory
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Drive theory suggests that individuals are motivated by internal drives or instincts, such as hunger, thirst, or the need for achievement.
Which theory of motivation proposes that individuals are motivated by their expectations of success and the value they place on the outcome?
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Expectancy-Value Theory
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Achievement Goal Theory
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Attribution Theory
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Social Cognitive Theory
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Expectancy-Value Theory suggests that individuals are motivated to engage in behaviors when they believe they can successfully achieve the desired outcome and when they value the outcome.
Which theory of motivation emphasizes the role of social comparison and self-evaluation in shaping motivation?
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Social Comparison Theory
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Self-Determination Theory
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Expectancy-Value Theory
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Achievement Goal Theory
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Social Comparison Theory suggests that individuals compare themselves to others to evaluate their own abilities and achievements, which can influence their motivation and behavior.
Which theory of motivation emphasizes the role of perceived competence and autonomy in shaping motivation?
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Self-Determination Theory
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Expectancy-Value Theory
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Achievement Goal Theory
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Social Cognitive Theory
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Self-Determination Theory suggests that individuals are more motivated and likely to persist in activities when they feel competent and autonomous (in control of their own behavior).
Which theory of motivation emphasizes the role of social support and group dynamics in shaping motivation?
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Social Cognitive Theory
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Self-Determination Theory
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Expectancy-Value Theory
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Achievement Goal Theory
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Social Cognitive Theory suggests that individuals' motivation and behavior are influenced by their social interactions, observations, and experiences within their social environment.
Which theory of motivation emphasizes the role of unconscious mental processes and childhood experiences in shaping motivation?
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Psychoanalytic Theory
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Humanistic Theory
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Social Cognitive Theory
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Expectancy-Value Theory
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Psychoanalytic Theory suggests that individuals' motivation and behavior are influenced by unconscious mental processes and childhood experiences, particularly the relationship with their parents.
Which sociological theory emphasizes the role of social norms and expectations in shaping romantic relationships?
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Symbolic Interactionism
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Functionalism
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Conflict Theory
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Feminist Theory
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Symbolic Interactionism focuses on the ways in which individuals interact with each other and how these interactions shape their understanding of love and intimacy.
Attachment theory emphasizes the importance of:
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Early Childhood Experiences
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Secure Relationships
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Emotional Bonds
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All of the Above
D
Correct answer
Explanation
Attachment theory focuses on the emotional bonds formed in early childhood and how these experiences shape an individual's capacity for intimacy and love in later relationships.
According to symbolic interactionism, what is the primary means by which individuals make sense of the world?
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Through language and symbols
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Through social norms and values
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Through direct observation
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Through intuition and instinct
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Symbolic interactionism posits that individuals interpret and make sense of the world through the use of language and symbols, which are shared and negotiated within social interactions.
Which concept in symbolic interactionism emphasizes the ability of individuals to imagine themselves in the roles of others?
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Symbolic interaction
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Definition of the situation
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Role-taking
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Looking-glass self
C
Correct answer
Explanation
Role-taking is a key concept in symbolic interactionism, referring to the ability of individuals to imagine themselves in the roles of others and to understand their perspectives and motivations.
Which concept in symbolic interactionism emphasizes the importance of social interaction in shaping individual behavior?
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Symbolic interaction
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Definition of the situation
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Role-taking
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Looking-glass self
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Symbolic interaction is the core concept of the theory, emphasizing the dynamic and reciprocal relationship between individuals and their social environment, where individuals shape and are shaped by their interactions with others.
Which concept in symbolic interactionism emphasizes the importance of nonverbal communication in social interactions?
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Body language
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Kinesics
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Proxemics
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All of the above
D
Correct answer
Explanation
Symbolic interactionism recognizes the significance of nonverbal communication, including body language, kinesics (body movements), and proxemics (personal space), in conveying messages and shaping social interactions.
According to symbolic interactionism, what is the primary factor that shapes an individual's self-concept?
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Biology
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Environment
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Social interactions
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All of the above
C
Correct answer
Explanation
Symbolic interactionism emphasizes the role of social interactions in shaping an individual's self-concept, arguing that the self is a product of the interactions and feedback received from others.
Which concept in symbolic interactionism refers to the process by which individuals negotiate and maintain a sense of self in social interactions?
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Impression management
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Face-saving
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Goffman's dramaturgy
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Erving Goffman's presentation of self
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Impression management is a concept in symbolic interactionism that refers to the strategies individuals employ to control the impressions they make on others in social interactions.