Social Science ยท General Awareness
Psychological and Sociological Theories
2,263 Questions
Psychological and sociological theories questions explore concepts like aging processes, intelligence, and human behavior. These topics are crucial for understanding cognitive development and social interactions. They often appear in civil services and state public service commission examinations testing conceptual clarity.
Aging theoriesBehavioral psychology theoriesFamily systems theoryMedia and culture theoriesPolitical behavior motivationsLanguage learning processes
Psychological and Sociological Theories Questions
Which social theory of aging emphasizes the importance of resilience and coping in old age?
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Disengagement theory
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Activity theory
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Continuity theory
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Resilience theory of aging
D
Correct answer
Explanation
Resilience theory of aging emphasizes the importance of resilience and coping in old age. It argues that older adults who are able to cope with the challenges of aging and maintain a positive outlook are more likely to experience positive outcomes, such as better health, well-being, and life satisfaction.
Which social theory of aging emphasizes the importance of self-efficacy and control in old age?
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Disengagement theory
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Activity theory
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Continuity theory
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Self-efficacy theory of aging
D
Correct answer
Explanation
Self-efficacy theory of aging emphasizes the importance of self-efficacy and control in old age. It argues that older adults who have a strong sense of self-efficacy and control over their lives are more likely to experience positive outcomes, such as better health, well-being, and life satisfaction.
Which social theory of aging emphasizes the importance of positive emotions and well-being in old age?
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Disengagement theory
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Activity theory
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Continuity theory
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Positive aging theory
D
Correct answer
Explanation
Positive aging theory emphasizes the importance of positive emotions and well-being in old age. It argues that older adults who have a positive outlook on life and experience positive emotions are more likely to experience positive outcomes, such as better health, well-being, and life satisfaction.
Which social theory of aging emphasizes the importance of compression of morbidity in old age?
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Disengagement theory
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Activity theory
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Continuity theory
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Compression of morbidity theory
D
Correct answer
Explanation
Compression of morbidity theory emphasizes the importance of compression of morbidity in old age. It argues that the period of disability and illness at the end of life is becoming shorter, and that older adults are living longer and healthier lives.
Which social theory of aging emphasizes the importance of the life course perspective in understanding aging?
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Disengagement theory
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Activity theory
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Continuity theory
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Life course theory of aging
D
Correct answer
Explanation
Life course theory of aging emphasizes the importance of the life course perspective in understanding aging. It argues that aging is a lifelong process that is shaped by experiences and events throughout the life course.
Which social theory of aging emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary approaches to understanding aging?
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Disengagement theory
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Activity theory
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Continuity theory
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Interdisciplinary theory of aging
D
Correct answer
Explanation
Interdisciplinary theory of aging emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary approaches to understanding aging. It argues that aging is a complex phenomenon that can only be fully understood by drawing on insights from a variety of disciplines, such as sociology, psychology, economics, and biology.
According to social constructivism, how are our judgments and values shaped?
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Through our individual experiences and preferences
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Through our interactions with others and the social context
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Through our innate biological predispositions
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Through divine revelation
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Social constructivism emphasizes the role of social interactions and cultural norms in shaping our judgments and values.
What is the role of social comparison in shaping our judgments and self-perceptions?
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It promotes self-acceptance and appreciation of our unique qualities
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It leads to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem
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It encourages us to set realistic goals and strive for improvement
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It fosters a sense of community and belonging
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Social comparison often leads to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem when we compare ourselves unfavorably to others.
Which theory of social control emphasizes the role of internalized norms and values in shaping behavior?
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Social Learning Theory
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Social Control Theory
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Strain Theory
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Differential Association Theory
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Social Control Theory posits that individuals conform to social norms due to internalized beliefs and values, rather than external pressures or rewards.
Which theory emphasizes the importance of intergenerational solidarity and reciprocity?
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Social Exchange Theory
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Functionalist Theory
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Conflict Theory
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Symbolic Interactionist Theory
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Functionalist Theory posits that intergenerational relationships serve essential functions for individuals and society, promoting solidarity, reciprocity, and the transmission of values and norms.
Which theory emphasizes the importance of power and control dynamics in intergenerational relationships?
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Conflict Theory
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Social Exchange Theory
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Functionalist Theory
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Symbolic Interactionist Theory
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Conflict Theory views intergenerational relationships as characterized by power struggles and competition for resources, leading to potential conflict and tension.
Which theory emphasizes the importance of communication and interaction in intergenerational relationships?
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Symbolic Interactionist Theory
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Social Exchange Theory
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Functionalist Theory
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Conflict Theory
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Symbolic Interactionist Theory focuses on the role of communication and interaction in shaping intergenerational relationships, emphasizing the importance of shared meanings, symbols, and interpretations.
Which theory emphasizes the importance of social and cultural factors in shaping intergenerational relationships?
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Social Exchange Theory
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Functionalist Theory
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Conflict Theory
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Symbolic Interactionist Theory
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Functionalist Theory posits that intergenerational relationships are shaped by social and cultural factors, such as norms, values, and expectations, which influence the roles and responsibilities of different generations.
What are the three elements of Giddens' structuration theory?
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Structure, agency, and power
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Structure, culture, and ideology
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Structure, agency, and interaction
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Structure, culture, and power
C
Correct answer
Explanation
Giddens' structuration theory consists of three elements: structure, agency, and interaction.
Which psychological theory emphasizes the role of unconscious processes in the creative process?
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Psychoanalytic Theory
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Cognitive Theory
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Behaviorism
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Humanistic Theory
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Psychoanalytic Theory, particularly the work of Sigmund Freud, emphasizes the influence of unconscious drives and conflicts on the creative process.