As shown in the code, i is incremented two times. In first cout, 1 will be displayed and in second cout -since a is incremented twice by then, 3 is displayed. Hence, 1 3 is the correct output.

Initially, a[1] is 1. The line i = ++a[1] increments a[1] to 2 and sets i to 2. Then j = a[1]++ sets j to 2 and increments a[1] to 3. Finally, m = a[i++] assigns a[2](which is 15) to m and increments i to 3, resulting in 3 2 15.

DIM1 is a macro that calculates the array size correctly (10) because the array name in that scope represents the whole array. In DIM2, the array decays into a pointer when passed as an argument, so sizeof(array) returns the size of a pointer, resulting in 1.

In many C compilers, printf arguments are evaluated from right to left. Starting from the right, ++j makes j=3, then j is 3, then i++ returns 2 (and i becomes 3), and finally i is 3, resulting in the output 3 2 3 3.

The extern keyword tells the compiler that the variable 'out' is defined elsewhere. Even though the actual definition of 'out' appears after the main function, the linker will correctly resolve the reference to the global variable and print 100.

The goto statement in C is restricted to jumping within the same function. Because the label 'here' is defined in fun() and the goto statement is in main(), the code will fail to compile.

The expression *a + 1 - *a + 3 simplifies mathematically because the terms *a and -*a cancel each other out. This leaves 1 + 3, which results in 4, regardless of the values stored in the array.

The string 'Angel' is stored with a null terminator at index 5. Modifying the character at index 6 does not affect the null terminator at index 5, so printf stops at the end of 'Angel'.

The scanf function returns the number of items successfully read and assigned. Since one integer is successfully scanned into variable i, scanf returns 1, which is then printed by the outer printf.

In a 16-bit system, -1 is represented as 0xFFFF in two's complement. Shifting this value left by 4 bits results in 0xFFF0, which is printed as fff0 by the %x format specifier.

The expression sizeof(*p) gives the size of a char (1 byte), while sizeof(p) gives the size of the pointer itself. In many 16-bit environments, pointers are 2 bytes, leading to the output 1 2.

The static variable 'var' is initialized once and retains its value across recursive calls. Each call to main prints the current value and decrements it, continuing until 'var' reaches 0, resulting in the sequence 5 4 3 2 1.

The preprocessor replaces the keyword 'int' with 'char' throughout the code. Thus, the variable 'i' is actually a char, and sizeof(i) returns 1, the size of a character in C.