Programming Fundamentals

'integer' is not a valid C type - it should be 'int'. Since 'integer' is undefined, sizeof(integer) will cause a compilation error. This tests awareness of correct C type names.

y/z equals 3, so y/z==3 is true (1). The ternary operator selects y/z (3). z/=3 is integer division: 2/3 = 0. So z becomes 0. Answer A is correct.

In JavaScript, the prompt() function displays a dialog box that prompts the user for input. While input() is used in Python, prompt() is the standard client-side JavaScript function for this purpose.

The typeof operator in JavaScript returns a string indicating the type of the operand's value. It can return 'number', 'string', 'boolean', 'undefined', 'object', or 'function'. Functions like isNumber() and isString() are not built-in JavaScript functions.

In JavaScript, 0/0 results in NaN (Not a Number), which is a special numeric value representing an undefined or unrepresentable mathematical result. NaN is a number type in JavaScript, but it indicates an invalid mathematical operation.

JavaScript is case-sensitive, so 'sum' and 'Sum' are two completely different variables. The code only assigns a value to 'sum', leaving 'Sum' uninitialized. When alert(Sum) is called, it outputs 'undefined' because the variable Sum was never assigned a value.

This switch statement lacks break statements, so it exhibits fall-through behavior. Once mode matches case 1, execution continues through case 2 and case 3, printing all three messages. Without break statements, every case after the matching one executes.

JavaScript arrays are dynamic and their length is determined by the highest index plus one. When you assign a value to index 10, the array automatically expands to have a length of 11 (indices 0-10), even though only one element has an actual value.

The indexOf method returns the position of the first occurrence of a substring. In 'JavaScript is the best', counting starts from 0, so 'J' is at position 0 and 'S' is at position 4. The substring 'Script' starts at index 4.

The regex pattern /(dr.*ing)/ matches text starting with 'dr' and ending with 'ing', capturing everything in between. In the sentence, 'drizzling, but now it is heavily raining' matches this pattern (dr + izzling, but now it is heavily rain + ing). The match is stored in RegExp.$1.

C++ programs conventionally return 0 to the operating system to indicate successful execution, following a universal programming standard. Non-zero return values typically signal errors or specific exit conditions. This convention allows scripts and other programs to programmatically detect whether a program completed successfully.

Inline functions eliminate function call overhead by inserting the function's code directly at each call point during compilation, rather than using a standard function call mechanism. This optimization is particularly useful for small, frequently-called functions. Virtual functions enable polymorphism through dynamic dispatch and are not inlined by default.

C++ functions can return only one value directly through the return statement. Multiple values can be returned indirectly using pointers, references, or by wrapping them in a struct/class.

Assignment statements using the = operator assign values to variables in C++. Conditional statements (if/else) control flow, and looping statements (for/while) repeat code blocks - none directly assign values.

The delete operator releases dynamically allocated memory in C++. It's used for memory allocated with new. For arrays, delete[] is used. There's no standard "release" or "deallocate" keyword in C++.