Programming Fundamentals

In C++, the main() function is the designated entry point where program execution begins. The first line of a class is not executable code itself, and 'first executable method' is ambiguous since main() is a global function, not a class method.

When passing arguments by value, a new copy of the variable is created and a new object is allocated in memory for the called function. The original variable remains unchanged in the caller's scope, so both statements (2) and (3) about new variable access and new object creation are correct.

A pointer which is not initialized in C, is known as Wild Pointer.

This option is true because this function takes two arguments, and it returns the position of the string from where the source array doesn’t match with the target one. Format of this function is :-Strspn( string 1, string 2). For example, suppose we enter first string as “good morning” and second string as “good luck”. So, the function will return 5 because after 5 characters there is no match found in the strings. So, this is correct.

A VIEW is a virtual table based on the result-set of a SELECT query. It contains no stored data itself - data is generated dynamically when the view is queried. Option C correctly captures both characteristics: views don't store data (option A) and are mapped to SELECT statements (option B).

This type of variable in C++ must be initialised at the time of declaration.

This is a manipulator in C++ used to format the data display.

This data type in C++ provides a way for attaching names to numbers, thereby increasing comprehensibility of the code.

This member dereferencing operator is used to access a member using a pointer to the object and a pointer to that member.

This part in general structure of C++ program comes first while writing a program in C++.

This string handling function in C++ is used to convert a string into upper case.

Inserting at the end of a linked list involves two key steps: setting the new node's next pointer to NULL (since it will be the last element), and updating the previous last node's next pointer to point to the new node. Both operations are necessary to properly maintain list integrity.

A compiler translates source code into object code, which is stored in object files (.obj on Windows, .o on Unix-like systems). These object files contain machine code but may not be fully linked - they may reference external symbols that the linker will resolve. The .exe file is produced by the linker, not the compiler.

Stacks are fundamental to recursive expression evaluation in compilers. Each recursive call pushes a new activation record containing local variables and return addresses. The Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) nature of stacks matches the call-return pattern of recursion.