Computer Knowledge

Programming Fundamentals

2,611 Questions

Programming fundamentals form the core logic of software development and computer science. This includes variable declarations, pointer assignments, loop iterations, and exception handling. These technical topics are regularly tested in computer knowledge and IT officer competitive examinations.

Variables and arraysPointer assignmentsLoop iterationsException handling blocksCompile time errorsFunction references

Programming Fundamentals Questions

Multiple choice

Which keyword is used for defining a structure?

  1. str

  2. st

  3. struct

  4. stt

  5. structure
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A struct in C programming language is a structured (record) type that aggregates a fixed set of labelled objects, possibly of different types, into a single object.

Multiple choice

Which C header file contains the prototype statements for the file operations?

  1. string.h

  2. stdio.h

  3. conio.h

  4. stdlib.h

  5. math.h
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Input and Output operations can also be performed in C using the C Standard Input and Output Library (cstdio, known as stdio.h in the C language). This library uses what are called streams to operate with physical devices such as keyboards, printers, terminals or with any other type of files supported by the system.

Multiple choice

What is/are the advantage(s) of using new operator over malloc() in C++?

  1. malloc() is not used in C++.

  2. malloc() is type-safe but new is not type-safe.

  3. malloc() only allocates memory, while new operator allocates memory as well as constructs objects in C++.

  4. Both (2) and (3)

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Yes, this is the main advantage of using new operator over malloc() in C++.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is/are false about typedef keyword in C++?

  1. It is used to create an alias for a known data type.

  2. typedef keyword can be used with unsigned char data type.

  3. typedef keyword cannot be used to define an alias for a function.

  4. Both (2) and (3)

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

This is not true as we can also use typedef keyword to define an alias for a function in C++ and it can be used as function pointer.

Multiple choice

Which of the following variables are called global variables in C++?

  1. Static variables

  2. Register variables

  3. Extern variables

  4. Auto variables

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Extern variables can be used to access in a file which is declared and defined in some other files, so these have a global scope outside the particular class and hence, they are called global variables.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not true about inline function in C++?

  1. This function instructs the compiler to insert copy of the code of that function at each point wherever that function is called at compile time.

  2. To make a function inline, we should place inline keyword before that function.

  3. Inline function reduces function calling overhead.

  4. Inline function decreases the function size.

  5. Inline function can make the header file size large.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

No, inline function may increase the function size of your program, so this is the false statement about inline function in C++.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is/are the limitation(s) of inline function in C++?

  1. Inline function cannot be used with small functions.

  2. Inline function cannot be used in place of macros.

  3. Inline function is not applicable for the complicated function.

  4. Both (2) and (3)

  5. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

This statement is true. In that case, the whole body of the function is placed when the function call is made every time in the program, so if the function is large it will affect the speed and memory of the program.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is/are true about namespace in C++?

  1. We cannot put a semicolon after the namespace definition.

  2. A namespace definition can be applied to multiple files.

  3. We can use namespace in the program by scope resolution operator.

  4. Only (1) and (2)

  5. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Yes, these all statements are true about namespace in C++.

Multiple choice

Suppose in the declaration section of a PL/SQL block, you create but do not initialize a NUMBER variable. What will be the initial value of the variable when the block is executed?

  1. 0

  2. NULL

  3. Depends on the scale and precision of the datatype.

  4. Without initialization, a variable cannot be used in the executable section of the block.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In PL/SQL, any variable that is declared but not initialized automatically has a NULL value, regardless of its datatype. This is a fundamental PL/SQL behavior - uninitialized variables are NULL, not 0 or any default value. Option A is incorrect because 0 is not assigned automatically. Option C is wrong because the initial value is always NULL regardless of scale/precision. Option D is false - uninitialized variables can be used, though they will have NULL values which may affect logic.