Plant Propagation Techniques

Solution culture is used for finding essentiality of a particular nutrient by growing plant in an artificially provided nutritive culture which contains all element except one particular nutrient.

Hydroponics is a subset of hydro-culture and is a method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions, in water, without soil.

Yes, it is correct. Hydroponics is the process of growing plants in water without soil, but nutrients are added in water.

Hydroponics is the soilless cultivation of plants where roots grow in nutrient-rich water solutions or inert media like perlite or rockwool. The term comes from Greek 'hydro' (water) and 'ponos' (labor). It's not about aquatic plants in general (options A, B, D) but rather a controlled agricultural technique for growing terrestrial plants without soil.

Cutting is a vegetative propagation method where a stem piece is placed in soil to grow roots. This technique is widely used for roses because it's simple and preserves the parent plant's characteristics. Grafting is also common but requires more skill, while tissue culture is mainly for commercial-scale production.

This is the correct option as this statement is false. The growth of the given system per unit time expressed as per unit initial parameter is called the relative growth rate.

Bamboos propagate and spread vegetatively via underground stems called rhizomes. Similarly, strawberries spread and reproduce asexually above ground using specialized stems known as runners or stolons. Both statements are correct.

Dalbergia sissoo (Indian rosewood) can be propagated vegetatively through stem cuttings, root cuttings, and root suckers. Among the options, intact roots (option C) are correct because they produce root suckers that develop into new plants. Root cuttings are a common propagation method for this species. Options A, B, and D are incorrect - flower buds cannot vegetatively propagate, stem cuttings are not the primary method listed, and leaf margins are not used for Dalbergia propagation.

Agar is a polysaccharide derived from red algae that is commonly added to plant tissue culture media as a gelling agent. Its primary function is to provide a solid or semi-solid matrix on which explants can grow without sinking into the liquid nutrient solution.

Banana plants propagate naturally and vegetatively through underground stems known as suckers (specifically sword suckers), which emerge from the base of the parent plant.

Lithospermum erythrorhizon (note spelling correction from 'eryghrohizon') cell cultures are commercially used to produce shikonin, a red naphthoquinone pigment with medicinal properties. Shikonin has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties and is used in traditional medicine and cosmetics. Berberine comes from Berberis species, palmitine is also from Berberis, and plumbagin from Plumbago species.

In vitro micropropagation provides year-round availability (independent of seasons), uses very small explants (single cells or meristems), and produces disease-free plants through meristem culture and sterile conditions. However, it does NOT increase the range of variability - in fact, micropropagation produces genetically uniform clones (somaclonal variation is limited and not the primary purpose).

Ipomea batatas, commonly known as the sweet potato, is primarily propagated vegetatively using vine cuttings or stem cuttings, in addition to root slips.

Virus-free clone can be obtained from a virus-infected plant by meristem culture.

Somaclonal variation represents the genetic variation present among plants in a tissue culture.